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To identify the key genes involved in the synthesis of polyphyllin within downstream pathways, this study employed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify the content of eight types of polyphyllins in two groups of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes, followed by transcriptome sequencing analysis. The results revealed significant differences in the content of the eight types of polyphyllins between the two groups. Specifically, the total saponin content in the high saponin content group (HS) was 24.81 mg·g-1, whereas that in the low saponin content group (LS) was 5.99 mg·g-1. Notably, polyphyllin Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅴ were undetectable in the LS group. The substantial difference in total saponin content between the two groups can be primarily attributed to the considerable accumulation of diosgenin-type saponins in the HS group. A total of 11 399 differentially expressed genes were identified through transcriptome sequencing, the comparison between HS and LS, with 5 708 genes exhibiting upregulation and 5 691 genes exhibiting downregulation. This study successfully screened seven candidate genes involved in the synthesis of polyphyllin and conducted protein structure prediction for these genes. Through interaction network analysis, 80 transcription factors with a correlation coefficient of 0.95 or higher with the candidate genes were identified, among which a total of 8 transcription factors were correlated with two or more candidate genes. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for predicting genes related to polyphyllin synthesis, exploring the biosynthetic pathway of polyphyllin, and understanding their accumulation patterns.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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