Full
Outline
Aberrant activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway has been identified in numerous cancer types, contributing to uncontrolled cellular proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, enhanced metastatic potential, and the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Consequently, targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Current approaches to inhibit this pathway include small-molecule inhibitors, natural compounds, siRNAs, and miRNAs. However, these therapeutic approaches are often limited in clinical application due to prominent adverse effects, poor biological stability, low solubility, or lack of targeting ability. The integration of nanotechnology into drug delivery systems offers a compelling solution by improving drug stability and solubility, minimizing off-target accumulation, and enhancing tumor-specific targeting. Nanocarrier-based delivery of agents targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway holds the potential to improve therapeutic efficacy, mitigate drug-induced toxicity, sensitize tumors to conventional therapies, and ultimately enhance patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and its oncogenic role, provides a detailed review of the latest progress of nano-based drug delivery system in cancer treatment based on pathways, and discusses future directions, aiming to inform and guide ongoing research in this field.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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