Full
Outline
Microalgae, as a class of photosynthetic microorganisms, possess excellent biocompatibility and metabolic diversity. They are capable of synthesizing various natural products with antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities, while also demonstrating great potential as drug delivery vehicles. Their inherent properties — such as self-propelled motility, photosynthetic oxygen generation, and biodegradability — facilitate enhanced accumulation of therapeutics within tumor tissues and improve treatment efficacy. However, natural microalgae still face limitations in targeting ability and drug loading capacity, necessitating engineering strategies to meet the complex demands of cancer therapy. This review summarizes representative microalgal species, their structural features, and biomedical applications. It further provides a systematic overview of current engineering approaches, including physical interactions, chemical modifications, biomembrane coatings, and genetic engineering. Particular attention is given to their emerging roles in multimodal tumor therapies, such as photoresponsive, magnetically guided, and immuno-combined treatment platforms. Finally, future development directions and prospects for clinical translation are discussed.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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