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Outline
Bile acids play a central role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis and regulating lipid metabolism, exhibiting extensive medicinal value. However, conventional extraction, separation, and chemical synthesis methods are unable to meet the demands of current industrial production, rendering biocatalysis a highly promising alternative for bile acid manufacturing. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, which catalyze the hydroxylation of inert C(sp3)-H bonds, serve as the core enzymes in the bile acid biosynthetic pathway. Through strategies such as enzyme design, redox partner engineering, and optimization of catalytic systems, the catalytic efficiency of CYP450s has been significantly enhanced, enabling the efficient biosynthesis of various bile acids. This review summarizes the characteristics and synthetic strategies of bile acids, as well as the optimized application of CYP450 hydroxylases, providing a reference for the green production of bile acids and related drug research.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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