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The rhizosphere soil microenvironment critically influences secondary metabolite accumulation in medicinal rhizomatous plants. To compare the effects of the rhizosphere soil microenvironment in major production areas of Sichuan province on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in turmeric, we collected turmeric from Qianwei, Shuangliu, and Xingwen production areas in Sichuan province as research subjects. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics was employed to analyze the composition of metabolites. And the high-throughput sequencing platform was utilized to analyze the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure. Then correlation analyses were performed between the metabolites, microbial community, and physicochemical factors. The results indicated that the metabolite profiles of turmeric from different production areas are relatively similar. The most abundant secondary metabolites in plants include ketones, aldehydes, esters, terpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Polyphenols, terpenoids, and some curcuminoids were significantly higher in turmeric from Shuangliu region than in samples from Qianwei and Xingwen. Significant differences were observed in rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, including pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, manganese, magnesium, calcium, copper, and selenium among the different regions. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla across all three regions, while considerable variations existed at the genus level. In turmeric, correlation analysis revealed that bisdemethoxycurcumin correlated positively with pH, manganese, magnesium, and calcium. ar-Turmerone correlated positively with organic matter and available phosphorus. And tetrahydrocurcumin correlated positively with Rhodanobacter and Sphingomonas. In summary, secondary metabolites differed between turmeric from different regions. These metabolites exhibited correlations with both the physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil and the associated microbial communities. These findings provide a scientific basis for cultivation base selection and ecosystem-based cultivation practices.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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