The current quality control standards for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are relatively simplistic, as relying solely on the quantification of chemical components fails to fully interpret the quality connotation of multi-effect medicinal substances. In contrast, phase-state analysis, which focuses on the physical forms of multiple components, is considered to provide a new perspective for researching the material basis of the efficacy of TCM. This article focuses on the challenges in quality control of multi-efficacy TCM, systematically analyzes the limitations of current standards in reflecting its multi-functional nature, and reviews research approaches and current progress on the role of physicochemical state in the material basis of TCM efficacy. It elaborates on the mechanism of self-assembly via non-covalent bonds and the structure-function synergy. Building on this, a new "top-down and bottom-up" integrated strategy for quality control research of multi-efficacy TCM is proposed. This aims to promote innovation in TCM quality control models, guide rational drug selection, and provide a scientific basis for constructing a quality evaluation system that aligns with the characteristics of TCM.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |