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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects 48.5% of the global population, with approximately 42.8% in China and is linked to chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. Current mainstream antibiotic therapies against H. pylori are limited in clinical application due to antibiotic resistance and high recurrence rates. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Research indicates that persistent H. pylori infection relies on its immune evasion mechanisms. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) serve as critical mediators in pathogen-host interactions, facilitating multiple immune escape strategies by delivering virulence factors, nucleic acids, and other substances. Deciphering the mechanisms of OMVs-mediated immune evasion in H. pylori is pivotal for overcoming the bottlenecks in OMVs-based H. pylori vaccine development and devising novel targeted therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes recent research advances in OMVs-driven immune evasion, analyzes challenges in translational applications, and proposes future directions to inform innovative anti-H. pylori strategies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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