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Recent advances in understanding the modulatory functions of gut microbiota on human diseases facilitated our focused attention on the contribution of the gut to the pathophysiological alterations of many extraintestinal organs. Tryptophan-derived indole metabolites have become crucial signaling molecules in the gut-organ axis, playing a core role in anti-inflammation, immune homeostasis, and maintaining mitochondrial function by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and pregnane X receptor. This review systematically explores the regulatory mechanisms of indole metabolites on host diseases through the gut-liver axis, gut-brain axis, gut-heart axis, and gut-lung axis, providing a new theoretical perspective for understanding the interaction between the gut microbiota and the host and developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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