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Rheum officinale Baill., one of the three primary botanical sources of medicinal rhubarb in China, is mainly cultivated in high-altitude regions. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of its major active constituents, anthraquinones, remain poorly understood. UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) is a key ecological factor in high-altitude habitats, profoundly affecting the quality formation of R. officinale. Identifying UV-B-responsive genes is therefore essential for elucidating the regulatory pathways involved. The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family is known to regulate plant growth and development, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and stress responses; however, a comprehensive analysis in R. officinale is still lacking. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification of the bZIP gene family in R. officinale, and systematically analyzed the physicochemical properties, gene structures, phylogenetic relationships, and conserved motifs. Transcriptome data were utilized to identify RobZIPs highly expressed in roots and rhizomes and responsive to UV-B radiation, followed by experimental validation. A total of 94 RobZIPs were identified, unevenly distributed across 10 chromosomes except chromosome 8, with 36 tandem duplication events observed. All RobZIP-encoded proteins are predicted to be hydrophilic, comprising 64 to 780 amino acids, and are primarily localized in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis classified the RobZIP genes into 11 subgroups, with members within the same subgroup exhibiting similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Collinearity analysis revealed that tandem duplication is the primary mode of expansion for the RobZIP gene family. Promoter cis-element analysis identified numerous elements associated with plant development, hormone signaling, and stress responses in RobZIPs. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the tissue-specific expression and UV-B responsiveness of 8 RobZIPs, including RobZIP15, consistent with transcriptomic data. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the bZIP gene family in R. officinale, laying the foundation for further investigations into their evolutionary dynamics, UV-B response mechanisms, and potential roles in anthraquinone biosynthesis.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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