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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing disorder characterised by gut dysbiosis and redox imbalance. This study developed a novel oral micro-nano delivery system (CBs@BAN) based on Clostridium butyricum spores (CBs) and bilirubin-alginate nanoparticles (BAN). Amino-modified bilirubin (BR) was first covalently conjugated with sodium alginate (Alg) to prepare amphiphilic block BR-Alg, which subsequently self-assembled into BAN nanoparticles with a particle size of 163.52 ± 2.71 nm and a zeta potential of -43.2 ± 1.6 mV. These nanoparticles were efficiently loaded onto the surface of CBs via calcium ion cross-linking. In vitro experiments demonstrated that BAN exhibits potent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, while CBs@BAN maintained spore germination activity. Following review and approval by the Animal Ethics Committee of Zhengzhou University (approval number: yxy11sc20250099), a murine colitis model was induced using 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Compared with other experimental groups, CBs@BAN demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy, including accelerated body weight recovery, reduced disease activity index (DAI) scores, ameliorated histopathological damage in colon tissue, effective clearance of colonic ROS, suppression of inflammatory cytokine expression, and improved gut microbiota imbalance. By restoring redox homeostasis and modulating gut microbiota, this delivery system provides a novel and efficient solution for IBD treatment with promising application potential.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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