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Skin aging is a complex pathological process mediated by a combination of endogenous metabolic dysregulation and exogenous ultraviolet (UV) radiation, with oxidative stress due to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as the central driver. Rare ginsenoside Rh1 is a natural compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its mechanism of action in UV-induced skin photoaging remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of Rh1 against UV-induced skin aging and the underlying molecular mechanisms. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (approval number: 20241230001). To evaluate the anti-photoaging effect of Rh1, we established photoaging models in BALB/c mice and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). In vivo experiments showed that Rh1 (25 and 50 μmol·L-1) significantly alleviated UV-induced skin thickening, erythema, and moisture loss, reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and up-regulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In vitro experiments indicated that Rh1 (12.5, 25, and 50 μmol·L-1) reduced UVB (UV wavelength 280-320 nm)-induced ROS accumulation, oxidative damage, and the proportion of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) positive cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Rh1 promotes nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation by activating sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), thereby upregulating downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Sirt3 siRNA experiments confirmed that gene silencing can blocks Rh1 from activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, weakening its ability to inhibit ROS production and delay cellular aging. In summary, Rh1 alleviates UV-induced oxidative damage and skin aging through the Sirt3/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis, providing a new strategy for the development of anti-photoaging drugs targeting the antioxidant pathway.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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