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Nineteen compounds were isolated from the dichloromethane portion of the ethanol extract of Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) peel, using various chromatographic techniques including: silica gel column chromatography, medium-pressure liquid chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on the physicochemical properties and spectral data, their structures were determined as follows: six phenanthrenes: 7′-hydroxybleformin E (1), 1,7-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (2), 6-methoxycoelonin (3), 6-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethoxyphenanthrene (4), 2,7-dihydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenanthrene (5), 5,7-dimethoxy-2,3-phenanthrenediol (6); three bibenzyls: dihydropinosylvin (7), 2′,3-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl (8), demethyl batatasin Ⅳ (9); eight diarylheptanoids: 1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,5-epoxy-3-hydroxyheptane (10), engelheptanoxide C (11), diosniponol A (12), (+)-hannokinol (13), (3S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane (14), (3S,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane (15), hexahydrocurcumin (16), (5S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone (17); other compounds: one alkaloid, feruloyltyramine (18), and one fatty acid, octadecadienoic acid-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (19). Compound 1 is a new compound, whereas the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral signals of 2 were fully attributed. compounds 2, 11, 16-19 were isolated from the Dioscoreaceae family for the first time, while compounds 3, 6, and 12 were the first to be reported from D. opposita. Among these, thirteen compounds showed differential inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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