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This study aimed to investigate apoptosis induction of ginsenoside compound K (ginsenoside CK) in human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells and the involvement of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability following ginsenoside CK treatment in SMMC-7721 cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI assay was used to detect apoptosis. After ginsenoside CK, or TGF-β1/Smads pathway activator TGFβ1 and inhibitor LY2109761 treatment, the TGF-β1/Smads pathway proteins and apoptosis proteins were detected by Western blot. The results showed that ginsenoside CK inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Annexin V-FITC/PI showed that ginsenoside CK induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells. Meanwhile, ginsenoside CK inhibited the expression of Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, Smad4, but promoted Smad7 expression, cleavage of caspase-3 and down-regulated Bcl-2/Bax. Compared with TGFβ1 treatment alone, levels of Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, Smad4 and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax were down-regulated, whereas Smad7 or cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated in the ginsenoside CK+TGF-β1 group. In addition, Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3 and Smad4 expression were decreased in LY2109761 group. Compared with LY2109761 group, cleaved caspase-3 expression and Bcl-2/Bax have no significant change in ginsenoside CK+LY2109761 group. Taken together, our results showed that ginsenoside CK induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells, and such induction is related to inhibiting TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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