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Xenograft mice are preclinical animal models of tumors and are widely utilized in anti-tumor research. PK/PD modeling of anti-tumor agents is an approach that can capture the time profile of the "dose-plasma concentration-biomarker level-tumor volume" process based on experimental data from xenograft mice using a non-linear mixed-effect model. PK/PD modeling can help optimize the dosing regimen for anti-tumor therapy, evaluate any synergistic effect and help identify an optimal schedule for combination therapy, as well as providing a preliminary estimate of a drug's efficacy and anti-tumor potency in the human body. PK/PD modeling can also help by quantitatively explaining the mechanism of the tumor-inhibitory effect as indicated by changes in biomarker levels after a drug acts on its target. This article provides a systematic summary of the background, application range, and limitations of the mainstream anti-tumor agent PK/PD models. Recent advances in model structure development are reviewed in detail. Finally, we discuss promising applications of PK/PD models in anti-tumor medicine development from the perspective of a drug's mechanism of action, optimization of combination therapy schedules, and their clinical translation.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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