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Delivering water-soluble drugs via carriers often causes problems such as low loading and rapid releasing, so it is an urgent need to construct a high-load sustained-release drug delivery system for the clinical application of water-soluble drugs. Two-dimensional layered nanomaterials exhibit great potential in drug delivery due to their high specific surface area. In this study, bulk graphitic carbon nitride (b-g-C3N4) was obtained by calcination of urea. Graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3N4-NS) were made from an alkali chemical-ultrasonic-assisted stripping process. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were adopted to observe the morphological characteristics of g-C3N4-NS, while the structural characteristics of g-C3N4-NS were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Ultraviolet spectrometry and fluorescence spectrometry were used to investigate the optical properties of g-C3N4-NS, and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer were employed to investigate the stability of g-C3N4-NS. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was applied in the study to functionally modify g-C3N4-NS, and salvianolic acid B (Sal B) was used as a water-soluble drug model to investigate the loading capacity and drug releasing behavior of g-C3N4-NS. The results showed that g-C3N4-NS had a sheet structure, and it is easy to self-assemble in layers in the ionic environment to create flocculating settling. PEI modification can lead to the switching in the surface charge of g-C3N4-NS and significantly improve its stability. The results of cytotoxicity test and zebrafish embryo toxicity test showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of PEI-g-C3N4-NS was less than 800 μg·mL-1. The large specific surface area and surface charge of PEI-g-C3N4-NS allow the maximum load factor over Sal B to reach 327.4%. In addition, PEI-g-C3N4-NS can continuously release drugs slowly, with a cumulative release rate of 79.2% in seven straight days. The release process conforms to the Higuchi equation. In summary, g-C3N4-NS modified by PEI exhibits good biocompatibility and high stability, and shows great potential in high-load and sustained-release applications of water-soluble drugs.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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