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Macrolide antibiotics have been widely utilized in the treatment of bacterial infections due to their strengths, low toxicity, and high efficacy. Because of the widespread application of macrolide drugs, the emergence of antibacterial resistance against antibiotics has become prominent. Ketolides, as the third generation macrolides, display improvement in activities against macrolide-resistant pathogens with broad antibacterial spectrum. Due to hepatotoxicity, the use of telithromycin has been limited. It is urgent to identify the novel sources of ketolides. So the structural modification of ketolides become the main research field of macrolide. This review introduces the recent progress in the structural modification of ketolide, with the purpose of providing support to development of new ketolide antibiotics.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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