To investigate the metabolites of a new synthetic cannabinoid 3, 3-dimethyl-2-[1-(4-cyanobutyl)indazole-3-formamimino]methyl butyrate (4CN-MDMB-BUTINACA) in vitro, a human liver microsome incubation model was established to analyze the metabolic biotransformation of synthetic cannabinoids using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Nontarget metabolomic results showed that the metabolites of 4CN-MDMB-BUTINACA included hydroxylation, ester hydrolysis, ester hydrolysis with hydroxylation reaction, pentane oxidation and ester hydrolysis with pentane oxidation reaction, among which M1-a, M2 and M4 were potential metabolic markers. The research results provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the biomonitoring and metabolic characterisation of the cannabinoid 4CN-MDMB-BUTINACA.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |