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Osteoprotegerin(OPG), secreted by osteoblasts, is a marker of bone turnover. OPG can inhibit osteoclastic differentiation by binding receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL). In this study, we found that rutaecarpine(RUT) had the up-regulating OPG activity, and it could significantly increase OPG protein levels in both mouse embryonic osteogenic precursor MC3 T3-E1 and human osteosarcoma U-2OS cells. Osteoblastogenic differentiation calcified nodules staining results showed that RUT significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3 T3-E1 cells. Osteoclastic differentiation tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining results showed that RUT obviously inhibited the osteoclast differentiation of mouse macrophages RAW264.7 induced by RANKL. In vivo studies showed that low-dose RUT group(5 mg·kg-1·day-1) and high-dose RUT group(45 mg·kg-1·day-1) treatments for 3 months significantly increased bone density in ovariectomized(OVX) rats; calcein double labeling experiment and toluidine blue staining results indicated that low-dose RUT group promoted bone formation and decreased bone loss in vivo; immunohistochemistry results showed that low-dose RUT group increased the expression of OPG in rat femur. All animal procedures were performed in accordance with the regulations of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. In summary, this study demonstrated that RUT could up-regulate OPG expression and had promoting osteoblastic differentiation and inhibiting osteoclastic differentiation effects in vitro and in vivo.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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