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Current status of dosage forms and clinical use of conjugated estrogens
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Si-yi WU1, 2, Jia-qi LI3, Jian DONG1, 2, Jun YE4, Mei-ying NING1, *
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica | 2025, 60(4) : 949 - 958
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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica | 2025, 60(4): 949-958
• Reviews •
Current status of dosage forms and clinical use of conjugated estrogens
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Si-yi WU1, 2, Jia-qi LI3, Jian DONG1, 2, Jun YE4, Mei-ying NING1, *
Affiliations
  • 1National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
  • 2Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100073, China
  • 3Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • 4Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
Published: 2025-04-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0015
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Conjugated estrogens (CE) are widely used in menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) for the relief of menopause-related symptoms (e.g., vasodilatory symptoms, neuropsychiatric symptoms, genitourinary atrophy symptoms, etc.) and the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This article reviews the characteristics, pharmacological effects, and practical applications of different dosage forms of CE (tablets, creams, and injections) in clinical practice. It has been shown that tablet CE effectively regulates the body's temperature center through systemic treatment, reduces hot flashes and night sweats, promotes bone formation, and increases bone density. Cream CE is used for local treatment to improve the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Injectable CE is used for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance without organ pathology. CE administered intravenously is indicated only for short-term use to rapidly and temporarily increase estrogen levels. Additionally, CE plays an important role in metabolism by improving insulin clearance and sensitivity and potentially protecting the nervous and cardiovascular systems, demonstrating a wide range of therapeutic potential. This paper provides new ideas for the design and development of drug dosage forms by exploring the formulation and application of CE.

conjugated estrogen  /  hormone replacement therapy  /  dosage form  /  menopausal syndrome  /  genitourinary syndrome of menopause
Si-yi WU, Jia-qi LI, Jian DONG, Jun YE, Mei-ying NING. Current status of dosage forms and clinical use of conjugated estrogens[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (4) : 949 -958 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0015
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2025-0015
  • Receive Date：2025-01-06
  • Online Date：2025-10-29
  • Published：2025-04-12
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History
  • Received：2025-01-06
  • Revised：2025-03-05
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Affiliations
    1National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
    2Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100073, China
    3Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
    4Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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