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Outline
Deciphering the "multi-component, multi-target" synergistic regulation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a pivotal scientific challenge, particularly given ongoing debates over its relevance to holistic therapeutic outcomes and disease prognosis. Building on the framework of Molecular Holistic State Medicine and the concept that mesoscale key functional modules, termed functional assemblies, serve as the structural basis for TCM's holistic efficacy, this study employs "Xiaoke", a condition where TCM demonstrates recognized therapeutic advantages, and the classical formula Xiaoke Prescription as a proof-of-concept model. Guided by the translational principle of "from clinical observation, through experimental validation, back to clinical confirmation", the investigation starts with a retrospective matched clinical cohort to characterize the molecular holistic profile of diabetes and its evolution under Xiaoke Prescription treatment. These clinical findings are then integrated with mechanistic studies to identify the mesoscale key functional modules responsible for Xiaoke Prescription's antidiabetic effects and to reveal the nonlinear regulatory dynamics through which multiple bioactive components modulate multiple targets within these modules. Finally, prospective clinical trials are conducted to verify the synergistic antidiabetic mechanisms of Xiaoke Prescription through the holistic response of the identified mesoscale modules. By shifting mechanistic interpretation from "macroscopic phenotypes" and "microscopic molecules" to "systems-level integration", this study proposes a novel paradigm and technical platform for unraveling the "multi-component, multi-target" synergistic mechanisms underlying TCM interventions.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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