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Outline
Sesquiterpenoids are a class of terpenoids composed of 15 carbon atoms, with a basic framework formed by three C5 isoprene units. They exhibit diverse skeletal structures and an exceptionally rich variety of types. These compounds are widely distributed in plants and serve as bioactive metabolites in diverse medicinal species, demonstrating various pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. The elucidation of biosynthetic pathways, their heterologous reconstruction, and the sustainable production of bioactive sesquiterpenoids have emerged as research focal points. In recent years, substantial advancements have been made in the field of sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. Based on an overview of their biosynthetic pathways, this review provides a comprehensive progress in synthetic biology research on sesquiterpenoids derived from medicinal plants. This review summarizes the status of the heterologous biosynthesis of representative plant-derived sesquiterpenoids, and discusses the major bottlenecks along with their corresponding optimization strategies and future perspectives.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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