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This study established a discrete element method (DEM) parameter calibration approach for fermented Cordyceps powder and investigated the mechanism by which binary mixture systems affect flowability. The angle of repose, measured via physical experiments, served as the response value. Using the Hertz-Mindlin with JKR V2 contact model, the optimal DEM simulation parameters were identified through a sequential methodology comprising Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent experiments, and Box-Behnken response surface methodology. Based on this calibrated model, binary angle of repose simulations was constructed with large particles (1.404 mm) as the skeleton and small particles (0.228 mm) as the filling phase, at mass ratios of 85∶15, 90∶10, and 95∶5. A mesoscopic mechanical analysis was subsequently performed. Simulation results indicate that the binary mixing method effectively optimizes the fermented Cordyceps powder's flowability. Furthermore, appropriately reducing the proportion of small particles contributes to enhancing the overall system flowability, with the 95∶5 mass ratio representing the optimal balanced state. From a mesoscopic perspective, the observed macroscopic trend is closely related to the reconstruction of the internal force chain architecture from a "weak connection network" to a "strong force chain skeleton". Concurrently, a decrease in the coordination number suggests a reduction in geometric constraints between particles, while the contact stress ratio (Ft/Fn) remains in a subcritical stable state. These factors collectively contribute to the optimized flowability. This study successfully established a DEM model for the flow behavior of fermented Cordyceps powder, elucidated the mechanism of binary mixture systems from the mesoscopic level, and provided a reference for the binary simulation of other fermented Cordyceps powder systems.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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