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Outline
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer deaths. It involves intricate interactions between circulating tumour cell (CTC) and blood components such as platelets, neutrophils and macrophages. This review first summarizes how CTC interact with these cells to promote their survival, immune evasion and seeding in distant organs. We then focus on recent advances in nanodelivery systems designed to counteract these processes — including the targeted elimination of single CTC, disruption of CTC homotypic clusters, blocking of CTC-platelet/neutrophil aggregates, and inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Various strategies, such as ligand-mediated targeting, biomimetic cell membrane coating, and stimuli-responsive release, are critically discussed. Finally, we highlight key challenges and future directions for translating these systems into clinical anti-metastatic therapies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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