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Outline
The study aims to investigate the potential active ingredients and mechanism of action of XKZ2305 Granules in treating pediatric cough and asthma syndrome. An HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method was established to rapidly identify the chemical constituents in XKZ2305 Granules using electrospray ionization (ESI) source in both positive and negative ion scanning modes. A total of 174 compounds were identified, including 46 flavonoids, 30 terpenoids, 16 alkaloids, 18 phenolic acids, and 64 other components. Integrated with network pharmacology analysis, potential targets of these chemical components and asthma-related disease targets were retrieved from the TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCards, and OMIM databases, respectively. After screening, 451 overlapping targets were obtained. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed using the STRING database, and visualization of the PPI network and the "herb-compound-target" network was conducted using Cytoscape software, leading to the identification of 29 core targets. GO (gene ontology) functional enrichment and KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) pathway analyses via the DAVID database revealed that the therapeutic mechanism of XKZ2305 Granules against pediatric cough and asthma syndrome components, including baicalein, wogonin, quercetin, sinapine thiocyanate, and rhynchophylline, act on targets such as TP53, IL6, IL1B, HIF1A, GAPDH, BCL2, and AKT1, primarily through the HIF-1, PI3K/AKT, AGE-RAGE, and MAPK signaling pathway. Animal experiments demonstrated that XKZ2305 Granules significantly improved behavioral changes in juvenile asthmatic mice induced by ovalbumin (OVA), markedly reduced serum IgE levels and TNF-α content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), showed a trend toward increasing IL-10 levels, alleviated OVAinduced airway inflammation, and consequently mitigated pediatric asthma and cough syndrome. This study comprehensively identified the chemical constituents of XKZ2305 Granules. The animal experiments involved in this study have been approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research (Approval No.: TIPR-2025-2361PD9).
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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