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Outline
This study aims to investigate the potential active components and mechanism of action of "Ginseng-Schisandra" herb pair in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The blood-entering components of the "Ginseng-Schisandra" herb pair were identified using high pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF/MS). The alterations of bile acid (BA) levels in the plasma, liver, and feces of HCC rats following intervention with the "Ginseng-Schisandra" herb pair were comprehensively analyzed by LC-MS. The biomarkers of HCC were screened by integrating orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and Student's t-test. Finally, the key pharmacodynamic substances of "Ginseng-Schisandra" herb pair in the treatment of HCC were identified based on correlation analysis and further verified through molecular docking. The animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (approval No.: CSE202106002). As a result, 22 blood-entering prototype components of the "Ginseng-Schisandra" herb pair were identified. This study demonstrated that the "Ginseng-Schisandra" herb pair markedly restored dysregulated BA metabolism in the plasma, liver, and feces of HCC rats, and 9 bile acids were successfully characterized as HCC biomarkers. Correlation analysis and molecular docking demonstrated that ginsenoside Rb1 and schisandrin A, which exhibited strong binding affinities to key BA regulatory proteins [farnesoid X receptor (FXR), cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1), bile salt export pump (BSEP), and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1)], were crucial pharmacodynamic constituents of the "Ginseng-Schisandra" herb pair in the treatment of HCC. Collectively, this study established a scientific foundation for the clinical application of the "Ginseng-Schisandra" herb pair in the treatment of HCC.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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