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Outline
Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease characterized by abnormally elevated level of serum uric acid, which is the key pathological basis of gout. Oral medications reduce blood uric acid level by inhibiting uric acid production and/or promoting uric acid excretion. Xanthine oxidoreductase is the rate-limiting enzyme for uric acid synthesis, by inhibiting its activity, the production of uric acid will be reduced. Urate transporter 1 (URAT1), one of the important proteins mediating uric acid reabsorption in kidney, is also a main target of anti-hyperuricemic drugs. By inhibiting URAT1 activity, the uric acid excretion will be promoted, thereby reducing the blood uric acid. At present, three xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors and two urate transporter 1 inhibitors have been launched, and multiple compounds are currently in clinical trials. The physiological functions and metabolic pathways of uric acid, etiology of hyperuricemia and its therapeutic targets are introduced in this review. We analyze the efficacy and safety of oral therapeutic agents, to provide insights for the development of new drugs and the rational clinical use of medications in the treatment of hyperuricemia.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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