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Outline
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), a widely expressed G protein-coupled receptor in the mammalian central nervous system, serves as a key regulator of monoaminergic and glutamatergic systems and plays a pivotal role in physiological processes such as emotion, cognition, reward, and learning and memory. Recently, research on TAAR1 has expanded beyond its initial focus on psychiatric disorders to rapidly encompass metabolic syndrome and immune system diseases, revealing its considerable potential as a therapeutic target for multiple diseases. This review systematically summarizes TAAR1-associated signaling pathways and their critical roles in various diseases, with a particular emphasis on the therapeutic mechanisms and application prospects of TAAR1 agonists in schizophrenia, depression, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, substance use disorder, and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, this article examines recent advances in the development of TAAR1 agonists, spanning from derivatization tactics based on natural ligands to rational design guided by structural biology, and explores future research objectives, including multi-target drug strategies. The aim of this review is to provide a theoretical foundation and insights to support the development and translational application of TAAR1-targeted therapies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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