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Outline
This review focuses on recent advances in the component structure theory and associated research technologies for exploring the material basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations. The study first outlines the conceptual evolution of TCM "components" across three levels: individual compounds, synergistic groups, and integrated systems. It then introduces the development of the "component structure" theory from its initial three-tier structural framework (version 1.0), through quantitative proportionality modeling (version 2.0), to the current integration of in vivo phase states and biopharmaceutical disposition (version 3.0), which together form a unified theoretical system of element structure, quantity ratio structure, and phase structure. Furthermore, the technological progress of the fundamental research of Chinese medicine under the guidance of this theory is systematically summarized, covering the techniques of fine analysis of small molecules and macromolecules, the analysis and optimization of the component-volume ratio relationship and the analysis of the component-phase structure. Finally, it emphasizes the need for future research to build multidimensional analytical systems, integrate artificial intelligence and big data technologies, and promote standardization, in order to support the modernization and innovation of TCM.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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