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Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim is a valuable medicinal plant in Northeast China. Based on previous chloroplast genome sequencing results, this study selected the chloroplast genome fragments atpF and petB as specific DNA barcodes to identify germplasm resources of commercially available F. ussuriensis. Additionally, the content of peiminine was analyzed using a UV spectrophotometer, aiming to clarify the main germplasm resources and quality of F. ussuriensis in the market. In this study, 74 samples of commercially available F. ussuriensis were collected from 52 cities across 23 provinces. Based on the combined analysis of atpF and petB sequences, a total of 10 haplotypes (h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, h11, h13, h16, h19, and h20) were identified, among which h19 and h20 were reported for the first time. Haplotype h4 was the predominant haplotype, accounting for 44.59% of the total samples, followed by haplotype h3. The content determination results showed that 60 batches (81.08%) of commercially available F. ussuriensis samples met the standards of the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The content of peiminine in the samples ranged from 0.044% to 0.075%, and the sample quality was uneven; among them, haplotype h16 had the highest average content of peiminine at 0.063%, while haplotype h6 had the lowest at 0.044%. Statistical analysis indicates that, overall, there is no statistically significant difference between haplotypes and the content of peiminine. Given its highest peiminine content, haplotype h16 shows potential value for selective breeding. This study is conducive to guiding the circulation of F. ussuriensis samples in the market and rational clinical use, and also provides a reference for protecting the genetic diversity of F. ussuriensis and for its sustainable development and utilisation.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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