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Outline
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and driven by diverse mechanisms, including T2-high, T2-low, and non-immune pathways. In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), it is viewed as a syndrome of "root deficiency with branch excess", involving the dysfunction of the lung, spleen, and kidney. Animal models serve as crucial tools for investigating asthma mechanisms, screening therapeutic targets, and evaluating potential interventions, and their construction must closely align with disease pathogenesis. This study highlights a mechanism-guided approach to asthma animal modeling. It reviews models that reflect major immune phenotypes in modern medicine (T2-high, T2-low, and non-immune mechanisms)alongside TCM syndromes, including cold asthma, heat asthma, and kidney deficiency with phlegm retention. The construction principles, mechanistic links, and practical limitations of these models are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on optimizing models through a mechanism-oriented perspective and integrating Western and TCM frameworks. Such strategies are proposed to enhance the precision, translational value, and clinical relevance of asthma research using animal models.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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