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This study developed a β-asarone (β-As)-modified nano delivery system loaded with tanshinone IIA (As-TSA-NPs) to enhance its therapeutic efficacy against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) via intranasal administration. As-TSA-NPs were prepared using the double emulsion-solvent evaporation method and characterized for morphology, particle size, zeta potential, drug loading capacity, and in vitro release behavior. Using coumarin 6 as a fluorescent probe, the 16HBE cell model was employed to investigate the effect of β-As modification on nanoparticle nasal mucosal permeability and inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in vivo using a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model by assessing neurological function scores, cerebral infarction volume, and oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA)]. Results demonstrated that As-TSA-NPs were spherical, with an average size of approximately 180 nm, a zeta potential of about -33 mV, a drug loading capacity of approximately 3.5%, and exhibited favorable sustained release properties. β-As modification significantly enhanced cellular uptake (1.8-fold higher than unmodified NPs) and improved nasal mucosal permeability by inhibiting P-gp efflux. In vivo studies confirmed that the As-TSA-NPs group showed a 13.5% reduction in cerebral infarction volume, a 13.6% increase in SOD activity, a 21.5% decrease in MDA levels, and significantly improved neurological function scores compared to the model group. This study indicates that β-As-modified nanoparticles effectively enhance the nose-to-brain delivery efficiency of TSA, providing a novel targeted delivery strategy for CIRI treatment. All animal procedures and manipulations in this study were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (PZSHUTCM210226002) and conducted in accordance with its guidelines.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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