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To identify a new treatment strategy for acute severe pneumonia and solve the bioavailability of apigenin in formulation, the research utilized dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), as well as 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin as respiratory carriers, to develop the apigenin β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexe DPPC liposomal dry powder inhalers (ACDLDPIs). The ACDLDPIs were prepared by grinding, film-dispersion and freeze drying. The formulation was optimized by orthogonal design, and its particle size, entrapment efficiency, electric potential, in vitro release and lung deposition were studied. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat acute lung injury model was used to evaluate acute severe pneumonia in vivo. The optimal formulation for apigenin cyclodextrin inclusion was obtained with the mole ratio of apigenin/cyclodextrin as (2∶1), concentration of cyclodextrin as 20% and grinding time as 90 min. The optimized prescription of the ACDLDPIs was apigenin inclusion complex/DPPC (1∶2), 15 min hydration time and the mass ratio of mannitol/DPPC (1∶1). Its encapsulation efficiency was (71.46 ± 3.18)%, and the drug loading was (8.36 ± 0.42)%. The particle size was 198.6 ± 4.4 nm (before rehydration) and 221.6 ± 5.5 nm (after rehydration). The zeta potential was 15.3 ± 2.1 mV. The aerodynamic particle size was 4.28 ± 0.77 μm. The pulmonary deposition rate (FPF) was 43.02%. The experiment was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Tongji University Affiliated Yangpu Hospital (No: LL-2023-ZRKX-002). The pharmacodynamic evaluation of acute severe pneumonia was evaluated in vivo. ACDLDPIs group had better therapeutic effect than apigenin group. The ACDLDPIs had suitable particle size, uniform distribution, good stability, high lung deposition rate and good therapeutic effect on acute severe pneumonia in vivo. The ACDLDPIs are promising medicines for the treatment of acute severe pneumonia.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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