In order to clarify the anti-fouling active components of the marine-derived fungal strain Aspergillus terreus GXIMD00546, its fermentation products of the rice medium were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and purified using HPLC. One new compound asperterrestide C (1) and 12 known compounds territrem B (2), methyl-3, 4, 5-trimethoxy-2-(2-(nicotinamido)benzamido)benzoate (3), butyrolactone Ⅰ (4), terrien (5), (1R, 2S)-2-hydroxy-5-oxo-3-((E)-prop-1-en-1-yl)cyclopent-3-en-1-yl acetate (6), (1S, 5R)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-2-((E)-prop-1-en-1-yl)cyclopent-2-en-1-yl acetate (7), 4-hydroxykigelin (8), monacolin K (9), methyl ester of lactone ring-opened monacolin K (10), butyrolactone Ⅶ (11), aspernolide A (12), and epi-aszonalenin C (13) were identified by the detailed data analysis of NMR sepectra, high-resolution mass spectrometry spectra and the comparison with literatures. The new compound asperterrestide C (1) is a cyclopeptide with rare aminomethylation modifications. Compounds 1-3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 showed clear anti-fouling activities against the attachment of barnacle larvae in the EC50 ranges of 0.12-12.5 μg·mL-1 with low toxicity. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 9-12 also exhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects with EC50 range of 17.16-55.77 μg·mL-1. Compounds 4 and 11 have broad spectrum antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacterium methicillin-resistant Streptococcus aureus (MRSA), and fouling bacteria Methanococcus janaschii (MJ), Vibrio pelagius (VP), and V. Rotiferianus (VR).
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |