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Advance in gut microbiota regulation to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors
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Li CHEN1, 2, Kun YANG1, 2, Hai-ting XU1, 2, Ga LIU1, 2, Bo XIAO3, *
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica | 2025, 60(4) : 903 - 918
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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica | 2025, 60(4): 903-918
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Advance in gut microbiota regulation to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors
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Li CHEN1, 2, Kun YANG1, 2, Hai-ting XU1, 2, Ga LIU1, 2, Bo XIAO3, *
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • 2Department of Biotechnology, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • 3Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
Published: 2025-04-12 doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1255
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as critical agents in cancer immunotherapy; however, their resistance and limited response in most patients pose significant challenge. The gut microbiota, as a pivotal immune regulator, has been increasingly recognized for its role in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs. Studies demonstrate that fecal microbiota transplantation or transplantation of specific bacterial strains can directly reshape the gut microbiota composition, thereby improving ICI therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, dietary interventions, prebiotics, and postbiotics have shown potential in augmenting the anti-tumor effects of ICIs through gut microbiota modulation. Despite these promising findings, further investigations are required to optimize microbiota-based strategies and therapeutic protocols. This review highlights the critical role of gut microbiota modulation in ICI-based cancer therapy and explores its clinical applications, offering both practical insights and theoretical foundations for improving immunotherapy outcomes against various cancers.

cancer  /  immunotherapy  /  immune checkpoint inhibitor  /  gut microbiota  /  fecal microbiota transplantation
Li CHEN, Kun YANG, Hai-ting XU, Ga LIU, Bo XIAO. Advance in gut microbiota regulation to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors[J]. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 2025 , 60 (4) : 903 -918 . DOI: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1255
Year 2025 volume 60 Issue 4
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doi: 10.16438/j.0513-4870.2024-1255
  • Receive Date:2024-12-16
  • Online Date:2025-10-29
  • Published:2025-04-12
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  • Received:2024-12-16
  • Revised:2025-01-08
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Affiliations
    1State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    2Department of Biotechnology, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    3Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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