Oxygen is vital for life. Redox stress is important in cell signal transduction, mediating many physiological and pathological processes such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases and tumors. Redox homeostasis maintainance is critical for promoting life health. In this paper, the lasting challenges during antioxidant research and development and the beyond main reasons were analyzed: including insufficient understanding of the physiological function of redox stress; excessive antioxidant, causing reductive stress; antioxidant strategies lacking specificity. Here the author proposed that cells and the body own precise redox nature, therefore, redox intervention strategies such as anti-oxidation should consider the "5R" principle, i.e. right species, right time, right place, right level, right target. Precision redox regulation is the future direction and precise redox medicine development is opening.

redox stress  /  oxidative stress  /  reductive stress  /  redox regulation  /  antioxidant  /  precision redox regulation  /  precision redox mecidine  /  5R