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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein system exerts genome editing effect through cleaving DNA double strands using RNA-guided endonuclease. Double-strand breaks were repaired via homology directed repair (HDR) or nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), accompanied by insertions, deletions or replacements into the genome. As a powerful tool, CRISPR/Cas system has provided tremendous convenience for basic researches and may pave the path to treat genetic diseases and cancers. Genome editing could be achieved only when both CRISPR RNA and Cas protein are delivered into nucleus of target cell. Compared with physical and viral delivery, nonviral delivery of CRISPR/Cas system possesses unique advantages in terms of safety, loading capacity and preparation. Hence, many researchers have devoted themselves to the development of nonviral vectors with high delivery efficiency which is important for the application and translation of the promising technology. Advances on cationic liposomes, lipid like nanoparticles, cationic polymers, AuNPs, vesicles, polypeptides, proteins and so on have been made. We will give a brief introduction to the mechanism of CRISPR/Cas9, problems faced by nonviral delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system in forms of plasmid, mRNA and protein; examples of non-viral vectors, hoping to give some hints on design of safe and efficient nonviral vectors for genome editing.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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