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Angiogenesis is the formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vasculature, which plays a critical role in several diseases. Under the normal physiological conditions, only about 0.5% of endothelial cells (ECs) undergo mitosis, while the most ECs are in a resting state. Angiogenesis is a dynamic process in which ECs shift from resting to activated state, including three basic steps:① excessive vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived endothelial growth factor (PDGF) and other pro-angiogenic factors secreted by ECs can promote the germination of ECs in the original blood vessels; ② the sprouts are continuously elongated through the proliferation of ECs and the degradation and migration of basement membrane. At this time, the ECs present two phenotypes with filamentous feet and strong proliferation ability; ③ the buds are continuously elongated to form a tubular structure and connect with adjacent blood vessels, and the junction is wrapped by wall cells and basement membrane to form new blood vessels. Nowadays, angiogenesis has become a target for clinical treatment of multifarious diseases. On one hand, anti-angiogenesis is used to treat various diseases with excessive angiogenesis, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and diabetic retinopathy, etc. On the other hand, the diseases caused by insufficient angiogenesis, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, stroke, wound long-term healing and other ischemic diseases can be improved by pro-angiogenesis therapy. Large numbers of researches have shown that many active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine can effectively treat the previously mentioned diseases by regulating angiogenesis in different ways. Therefore, the anti-and pro-angiogenesis effects of some active ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine and their mechanism were summarized in this manuscript, arming to provide theoretical basis for the development of new drugs for the treatment of angiogenesis-related diseases.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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