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Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. It is currently believed that PD is related to factors such as age, gender, family inheritance, gene mutation and environment. The pathogenesis of PD is complex and is related to dysfunction and loss of dopaminergic neurons, involving accumulation of α-synuclein, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive accumulation of neuromelanin. In many ways, various factors act both independently and through cross-promotion, resulting in an ongoing pattern of brain tissue damage and progressing PD pathology. This article reviews the recent research on the pathogenic factors and pathogenesis of PD and explores new ideas and potential targets for PD treatment and drug development.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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