Microneedles is an efficient, safe and novel transdermal drug delivery technology that has attracted much attention in recent decades. Microneedles could break through the skin's stratum corneum barrier and have an especially significant effect on the transdermal delivery of water-soluble small molecules and biological macromolecules. In this paper, a rapid onset local anesthetic preparation of lidocaine hydrochloride was prepared based on dissolving microneedles, and related quality evaluations were carried out. The key quality indicators of prepared lidocaine hydrochloride dissolving microneedles such as drug loading amount, appearance morphology, mechanical properties, skin penetration performance, in vitro dissolution performance and local anesthetic efficacy were investigated with HPLC, SEM, texture analyzer, organic staining, histological section, in vitro dissolution test and pharmacodynamics experiments respectively. The drug loading of the dissolving microneedles array reached 68.19 ±1.55 mg, and the needle tip contained 3.57 ±0.21 mg. The microneedles has good needle shape and sufficient mechanical strength to penetrate into the skin, which is a prerequisite for the successful administration of the preparation. The in vitro dissolution time was 28.28 ±1.12 s. When applied to guinea pig back acupuncture model which was modified by guinea pig intradermal papules model, although the efficacy maintenance time was shorter than that of compound lidocaine cream, dissolving microneedles can be activated within 1 min, which was much faster than compound lidocaine cream. It is possible to increase the duration of drug efficacy by increasing the density of microneedles and preparing microneedles for sustained and controlled release in future studies. Lidocaine hydrochloride dissolving microneedles and its evaluation methods for local anesthesia were established systematically here for the first time. The rapid effect of anesthesia with lidocaine hydrochloride dissolving microneedles on the skin was worthy of further investigation.