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L-Glutamate is an important amino acid in protein. It has many physiological functions, such as nutrient metabolism, energy supply, immune response, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways regulation. Recent studies have found that glutamate prevents gastrointestinal damage induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and promotes the healing of the lesions. It can inhibit colonization of Helicobacter pylori and cell apoptosis caused by NH3. Hence, it has a potential value in protection of gastrointestinal from damage caused by NSAIDs and Helicobacter pylori. This article provides a review of the metabolism and physiological function of glutamate and its protective mechanisms of gastrointestinal injury caused by NSAIDs and Helicobacter pylori, which may serve as a reference in the study of glutamate in drug development.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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