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Fragmentation patterns of etomidate analogues based on GC-Q TOF MS and LC-Q Orbitrap MS
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Yi-lei FAN1, Sen ZHAO1, Yi-xuan YANG1, Xing KE1, Yu XU2, **, Xian-xin CHEN2, **
Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis | 2025, 45(1) : 116 - 124
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Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis | 2025, 45(1): 116-124
Safety Monitoring
Fragmentation patterns of etomidate analogues based on GC-Q TOF MS and LC-Q Orbitrap MS
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Yi-lei FAN1, Sen ZHAO1, Yi-xuan YANG1, Xing KE1, Yu XU2, **, Xian-xin CHEN2, **
Affiliations
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control of Zhejiang Province, National Narcotics Laboratory Zhejiang Regional Center, Hangzhou 310053, China
Published: 2025-01-31 doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0289
Outline
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Objective:

To explore the fragmentation patterns of etomidate analogues by mass spectrometry to provide reference for the identification and structural analysis of these substances.

Methods:

Etomidate, metomidate, propaxate and isopropaxate were analyzed by gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC-Q TOF MS) and liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q Orbitrap MS) under EI and ESI positive ionization modes. And the EI-MS and ESI-MS/MS fragmentation patterns of etomidate analogues were deduced.

Results:

Etomidate and its analogues had similar fragmentation pathways. In EI-MS mode, the fragmentation pathway was mainly focused on the breaking of carbon-nitrogen bonds, and the specific fragment ions (m/z 105 and m/z 77) were formed. In ESI-MS/MS positive ion mode, the fragmentation pathway was mainly focused on the fracture of carbon-nitrogen bond, resulting in the formation of the characteristic fragment ion with styrene as neutral loss, Subsequently, the neutral fragments R1 and H2O were lost in turn, and the specific fragment ions (m/z 113 and m/z 95) was formed. Moreover, the neutral loss of R1 in ESI-MS/MS positive ion mode could more intuitively indicate the substituents on the parent nucleus and further determine the structure of etomidate and its analogues.

Conclusion:

The fragmentation patterns of etomidate and its analogues are helpful to analyze and infer the structure of these substances, and provide reference for the identification and structural analysis of these substances in forensic laboratory.

etomidate analogues  /  fragmentation patterns  /  rapid screen  /  EI-MS  /  ESI-MS/MS  /  drug substitutes  /  new psychoactive substances
Yi-lei FAN, Sen ZHAO, Yi-xuan YANG, Xing KE, Yu XU, Xian-xin CHEN. Fragmentation patterns of etomidate analogues based on GC-Q TOF MS and LC-Q Orbitrap MS[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2025 , 45 (1) : 116 -124 . DOI: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0289
Year 2025 volume 45 Issue 1
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Article Info
doi: 10.16155/j.0254-1793.2024-0289
  • Receive Date:2024-04-30
  • Online Date:2026-03-19
  • Published:2025-01-31
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History
  • Received:2024-04-30
Funding
Affiliations
    1. Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou 310053, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control of Zhejiang Province, National Narcotics Laboratory Zhejiang Regional Center, Hangzhou 310053, China
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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