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Objective: To explore the fragmentation patterns of synthetic cannabinoids by electron impact (EI) ionization mass spectrometry. Methods: Forty synthetic cannabinoids were systematically investigated by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ionization mode was EI (70 eV) and the acquisition range was m/z 50-600. Results: According to the different structures of the “head group” and “linked group”, forty synthetic cannabinoids were divided into six categories, namely cumyl-carboxamide type, adamantyl-carboxamide type, carbamoyl/methyl butyrate-carboxamide type, naphthylformyl type, benzoyl/phenylacetyl type and tetramethylcyclopropane-acyl type. Through the analysis of the mass spectrum of synthetic cannabinoids, the fragmentation pathways and characteristic ions of different types of synthetic cannabinoids were given. The main EI-MS fragmentation patterns of synthetic cannabinoids were that both sides of the carbonyl group in the “linking group” undergo α-cleavage, and the N atom on the indole/indazole parent nucleus was prone to γ-H rearrangement, and loss of a R1. In addition, fragment ions m/z 116, 130, 144 and fragment ions m/z 117, 131, 145 were the characteristic fragments of indazole and indole parent nucleus, which could be used to identify the parent nucleus of synthetic cannabinoids. Conclusion: These kind of compounds have strong fragmentation regularity. When standard substances are lacking or commercial mass spectral libraries are difficult to obtain, the proposed synthetic cannabinoids EI-MS fragmentation pathways can help to rapidly identify the structures of unknown synthetic cannabinoids.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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