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To explore the differences of multiple types of chemical constituents in fresh and white ginseng with different growth years，which provided reference for the quality control and comprehensive exploitation of Panax ginseng.
The saponins in ginseng was determined by HPLC-ELSD；Analytical conditions：a Dimaonsil® ODS C18 (250 mm×4. 6 mm，5 μm) column was used with (A)-water (B) (gradient elution) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1，the temperature of the drift tube was 100 ℃，the gas flow rate was 2.8 L·min-1. The UV-Vis spectrophotometric was used to determine the soluble polysaccharides. Glucose and glucuronic acid were used as reference substances of the neutral polysaccharide and acidic polysaccharide with detection wavelengths of 490 nm and 512 nm，respectively. UPLC-T Q MS was used for analyzing amino acids and nucleosides of Panax ginseng. Analytical conditions：an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide (100 mm×2.1 mm，1.7 μm) column was used with an aqueous solution containing 5 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate，5 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate，and 0.2% formic acid as mobile phase A，and an acetonitrile solution containing 1 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate，1 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate，and 0.2% formic acid as mobile phase B with gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.40 mL·min-1. Column temperature was 30 ℃，and injectionvolume was 2 μL. Electrospray ion source was adopted with positive ion modes and multi-reaction monitoring and acquisition.
Under the same growth years，the content of 8 ginsenosides (ginsengside Re，ginsengside Rg1，ginsengside Rf，ginsengside Rb1，ginsengside Rc，ginsengside Rb2，ginsengside Rb3，ginsengside Rd) and 7 nucleosides (thymine，thymidine，uridine，adenosine，cytidine，guanosine，adenine) in white ginseng were higher than that in fresh ginseng，with the average content of 7.10-12.75 mg·g-1and 0.195 0-0.878 4 mg·g-1，respectively. The soluble polysaccharides (neutral polysaccharide，acid polysaccharide) and 15 amino acids (L-leucine，L-phenylalanine，L-tryptophan，gamma-aminobutyric，L-isoleucine，L-valine，L-proline，L-tyrosine，β-alanine，L-threonine，L-glutamine，L-asparagine，L-asparticacid，L-arginine，L-lysine) in fresh ginseng were higher than that in white ginseng，with the average contents of 11.03%-18.29% and 7.61-13.58 mg·g-1，respectively. Comparison of 3-6 years old with fresh ginseng and white ginseng revealed that the highest average total amounts of soluble polysaccharides，8 ginsenosides，15 amino acids and 7 nucleosides were found in the 6 years old ginseng，which were 18.29%，12.75 mg·g-1，13.58 mg·g-1，0.878 4 mg·g-1.
The contents of multiple types of components in fresh ginseng and white ginseng from different growth years were different. The total amount of soluble polysaccharides，8 ginsenosides，15 amino acids and 7 nucleosides all increased with growth years. The results provide scientific basis for efficacy differences and the quality control of fresh ginseng and white ginseng.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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