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With the rapid popularization of Internet of Things（IoT）technology in various fields，network device identification has become a key link in the network security protection system. Real-time detection of IoT devices accessing the network is crucial for network management，security protection，and performance optimization. Accurately understanding network dynamics and identifying these IoT devices is a necessary prerequisite for effectively defending against hacker attacks. Traditional machine learning-based identification methods not only suffer from low efficiency，complex feature selection，and poor environmental transferability，but their accuracy also fails to meet the needs of practical protection. To address this issue，an IoT device identification method based on packet-level traffic semantic feature-enhanced large language models（LLM）was proposed. First，complex and heterogeneous IoT traffic was converted into universal packet-level traffic semantic features. Then，these packet-level traffic semantic features were used to fine-tune the LLM，enabling the LLM to automatically learn the potential traffic features of IoT devices and make device classification and identification decisions，thereby realizing end-to-end and efficient IoT device identification. Experimental results on the public datasets Aalto，UNSW，and hybrid CIC IoT datasets（2022，2023）show that the proposed method can effectively identify IoT devices based on packet-level traffic semantic features，and its the average identification accuracy can reach 99.99%，99.42%，and 98.83% respectively.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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