Full
Outline
To systematically review the mechanisms of temporal interference stimulation (TI) and summarize its current research progress in disorders of consciousness (DOC).
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar to identify studies related to TI stimulation. Both animal experiments and human studies were included. The neurophysiological mechanisms and clinical evidence of TI were analyzed through a narrative review and qualitative synthesis.
Current evidence suggests that TI can selectively modulate deep brain structures by generating amplitude-modulated electric fields within brain tissue. Its neuromodulatory effects are primarily associated with the regulation of thalamocortical networks, neural oscillatory activity, and neurotransmitter systems. Animal experiments and preliminary human studies have indicated that TI can achieve non-invasive modulation of deep brain regions in healthy individuals; however, its clinical efficacy in patients with (DOC) remains to be validated by ongoing clinical trials. At present, the available evidence is still mainly derived from animal experiments and small-sample studies, and standardized stimulation parameters as well as high-quality clinical trial evidence are lacking.
As an emerging non-invasive deep brain neuromodulation technique, TI has been demonstrated to enable non-invasive modulation of deep brain regions in healthy individuals and may have potential research value for arousal-promoting rehabilitation in patients with DOC. Nevertheless, its clinical efficacy and safety require further validation through large-scale randomized controlled trials.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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