Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are leading global public health burdens, and accurate acquisition and analysis of cardiopulmonary sounds are critical for early disease diagnosis. Traditional auscultation is subjective and non-quantifiable, while commercial single-channel electronic stethoscopes face issues such as signal aliasing and limited intelligence. Multi-channel electronic auscultation systems have emerged as a research hotspot due to their advantages of rich spatial information and strong anti-interference capabilities. This article reviews the research progress of multi-channel electronic stethoscopes, focusing on the optimization of hardware acquisition systems such as multi-position compatibility and flexible sensor array applications, as well as innovations in algorithms for separating heart and lung sounds such as blind source separation algorithms and deep learning methods, and clinical applications including vital sign monitoring, abnormal sound identification, and auxiliary diagnosis. We highlight current technical breakthroughs and bottlenecks in integration, robustness, and intelligence, and propose future directions including standardized dataset construction, physics-informed algorithm design, and clinical translation pathways to promote the field's development.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |