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Outline
Intraoperative gamma cameras are key devices for acquiring real-time molecular imaging information in radioguided surgery, playing an important role in clinical applications such as precise tumor resection, sentinel lymph node localization, and residual lesion assessment. Their performance directly affects the accuracy and reliability of radioguided surgical procedures. To address the limitations of existing intraoperative gamma cameras, which generally rely on mechanical collimators and consequently suffer from reduced sensitivity, increased system weight, and restricted field of view, this study proposes and develops a handheld intraoperative gamma camera based on self-collimation theory, and evaluates its key performance characteristics and representative applications. The proposed gamma camera employs a detector array composed of three-dimensionally sparse, interlaced Ce: GAGG crystal and glass elements, enabling self-collimating imaging without the use of conventional mechanical collimators. Experimental results demonstrate that the system achieves a sensitivity of (7.55±2.97)×103 cps/MBq within a 100 mm×100 mm field of view at source-to-detector distances ranging from 30 to 100 mm. Spatial resolutions of 4 mm and 10 mm are achieved at distances of 5 cm and 10 cm, respectively. The three-dimensional localization errors of lymph node models are less than 2 mm in all three dimensions. In mouse sentinel lymph node imaging experiments, clear visualization and accurate localization of lymph nodes are achieved even when the activity level is significantly lower than the typical activity of human sentinel lymph nodes during clinical radioguided surgery. These results demonstrate that the self-collimation–based handheld intraoperative gamma camera, by eliminating the need for mechanical collimators, achieves a favorable balance between high sensitivity and spatial resolution, exhibits excellent low-activity imaging performance, and shows strong potential for providing effective intraoperative imaging in radioguided surgery.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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