Article(id=1324078466022384218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505254, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747324800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614506487, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614506487, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614506487, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614506487, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078333767594037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614474956, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614571752, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=106, endPage=111, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078466299208283, articleId=1324078466022384218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=The impact of parent-child relationship on adolescent smoking behavior: a chain mediation analysis of life satisfaction and social support seeking, columnId=1228016568949474136, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Child and Adolescent Health, Maternal and Child Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the impact of parent-child relationship on adolescent smoking frequency and to analyze the chain mediating effect of life satisfaction and social support seeking.

Methods

Based on the survey data from the Adolescent Health Database for the 2020—2021 academic year, Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations among parent-child relationship, life satisfaction, social support seeking, and smoking behavior. The chain mediation model was constructed using the PROCESS 4.1 program, Model 6.

Results

A total of 22 345 samples were included in the study. Parent-child relationship positively influenced adolescents’ life satisfaction and social support seeking (β=0.604, P<0.001; β=0.258, P<0.001). Life satisfaction also positively influenced social support seeking (β=0.306, P<0.001). Parent-child relationship, life satisfaction, and social support seeking were all significantly associated with lower adolescent smoking frequency (β=-0.212, P<0.001; β=-0.039, P<0.001; β=-0.080, P<0.001). The chain mediating effect of life satisfaction and social support seeking between parent-child relationship and smoking frequency was significant (β=-0.015, 95% CI: -0.018~-0.011).

Conclusion

Life satisfaction and social support seeking play a significant chain mediating role between parent-child relationship and adolescent smoking frequency. Parents should create a positive family atmosphere, establish a harmonious parent-child relationship, and promptly correct adolescents’ misconceptions to reduce the occurrence of smoking behavior.

, authors=Ya-lei SONG1, 2, 3, Wen-qiang YIN1, 2, 3, Yue DU1, 2, 3, Yun HU1, 2, 3, Rui-qi SONG1, 2, 3, Dong-mei HUANG1, 2, 3, authorsList=Ya-lei SONG, Wen-qiang YIN, Yue DU, Yun HU, Rui-qi SONG, Dong-mei HUANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dong-mei HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078474129973864, articleId=1324078466022384218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=亲子关系对青少年吸烟行为的影响及生活满意度与交友情况的链式中介效应分析, columnId=1228016570031604578, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=儿少卫生与妇幼保健, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究亲子关系对青少年吸烟频率的影响及生活满意度和交友情况的链式中介效应。

方法

基于青少年健康主题数据库2020—2021学年调查数据,运用Spearman相关分析法探讨亲子关系、生活满意度、交友情况和吸烟行为之间的相关性,采用PROCESS 4.1程序Model 6构建链式中介模型。

结果

研究共纳入22 345个样本。亲子关系对青少年生活满意度、交友情况产生正向影响(β=0.604,P<0.001;β=0.258,P<0.001);生活满意度对交友情况产生正向影响(β=0.306,P<0.001);亲子关系、生活满意度、交友情况均会减少青少年的吸烟频率(β=-0.212,P<0.001;β= -0.039,P<0.001;β=-0.080,P<0.001)。青少年生活满意度与交友情况在亲子关系与吸烟频率间存在显著链式中介效应(β=-0.015,95% CI=-0.018~-0.011)。

结论

青少年生活满意度与交友情况在亲子关系与吸烟频率间存在显著链式中介效应,父母应营造积极的家庭氛围,建立融洽的亲子关系,及时纠正青少年错误观念,减少吸烟行为的发生。

, authors=宋雅蕾1, 2, 3, 尹文强1, 2, 3, 杜悦1, 2, 3, 胡韵1, 2, 3, 宋瑞琦1, 2, 3, 黄冬梅1, 2, 3, authorsList=宋雅蕾, 尹文强, 杜悦, 胡韵, 宋瑞琦, 黄冬梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=黄冬梅, authorNote=

宋雅蕾(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

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黄冬梅,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华预防医学会和本刊编委会的观点,除非特别声明。, copyrightOwner=中华预防医学会和四川大学华西公共卫生学院, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=aTKUaqd45UIDjk/UJa+TeA==, magXml=UxiNMnSOwmtmPOUnXdUMKw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=7WKo9Lh67BKEn6eK7L9D0Q==, pdfFileSize=810153, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=L09S4yUYx6gRPDDp/rX4ZA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=HdxxmdZwrCzPxU7Solqvpg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1324078475786723953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1324078475908358773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, authorId=1324078475786723953, language=EN, stringName=Ya-lei SONG, firstName=Ya-lei, middleName=null, lastName=SONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1324078477602857592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, authorId=1324078475786723953, language=CN, stringName=宋雅蕾, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
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2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
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Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2023, 99: 102771., articleTitle=Association between negative parent-related family interactions and child social anxiety:A cross-cultural systematic review and meta-analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078501460058846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=9, pageStart=28, pageEnd=37,55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=40, authorNames=刘倩, 程天君, journalName=中国远程教育, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘倩,程天君.政策施行的结构困境及其纾解--基于城市家庭参与教育改革的案例分析[J].中国远程教育,2023,43(9):28-37,55., articleTitle=政策施行的结构困境及其纾解--基于城市家庭参与教育改革的案例分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078501799797471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=9, pageStart=28, pageEnd=37, 55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=41, authorNames=Liu Q, Cheng TJ, journalName=China Distance Education, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Q, Cheng TJ. The structural challenges and alleviation of the "Double Reduction" policy implementation: A case study of urban family participation in educational reform[J]. China Distance Education, 2023, 43(9): 28-37, 55. (In Chinese), articleTitle=The structural challenges and alleviation of the "Double Reduction" policy implementation: A case study of urban family participation in educational reform, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078488659042995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, awardId=ZR2022MG043, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG043), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078474666844777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078474675233386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, companyId=1324078474666844777, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078474683621995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, companyId=1324078474666844777, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078474985611884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078475035943533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, companyId=1324078474985611884, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053)]), AuthorCompany(id=1324078475384070766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078475417625199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, companyId=1324078475384070766, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1324078487220396711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Sample screening flowchart, figureFileSmall=ujd9gbkQjH6kNT+Ko0zkoQ==, figureFileBig=L09S4yUYx6gRPDDp/rX4ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078487333642920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=CN, label=图1, caption=样本筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=ujd9gbkQjH6kNT+Ko0zkoQ==, figureFileBig=L09S4yUYx6gRPDDp/rX4ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078487602078377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Path analysis of the influence of parent-child relationship on adolescent smoking frequency, figureFileSmall=y0LyOmE/dRF3Wqdsepu7Yg==, figureFileBig=UqlRiwt4r6DRQ5DLG6f/WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078487702741674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=CN, label=图2, caption=亲子关系对青少年吸烟频率影响的路径分析

注:*表示P<0.05;**表示P<0.01;***表示P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=y0LyOmE/dRF3Wqdsepu7Yg==, figureFileBig=UqlRiwt4r6DRQ5DLG6f/WQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078487799210667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Sample characteristics and results of univariate analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项频率(%)统计值P值变量选项频率(%)统计值P值
性别男11 452(51.25)66.673<0.001家庭经济条件很差889(3.98)91.457<0.001
女10 893(48.75)差2 595(11.61)
年龄(岁)≤128 008(35.84)5.418<0.001一般17 031(76.22)
13~157 476(33.46)好1 415(6.33)
16~176 759(30.25)很好415(1.86)
≥18102(0.45)亲子关系不满意1 072(4.80)488.629<0.001
居住地本市/县中心地区8 988(40.22)24.954<0.001有一点满意1 941(8.69)
本市/县边远城区或城乡结合部1 677(7.51)比较满意7 501(33.56)
本市乡镇5 282(23.64)非常满意11 831(52.95)
其他市/县659(2.95)生活满意度不满意1 227(5.49)514.383<0.001
农村5 739(25.68)有一点满意3 167(14.17)
年级初中13 277(59.42)17.180<0.001比较满意10 552(47.23)
高中9 068(40.68)非常满意7 399(33.11)
是否寄宿是11 065(49.52)76.766<0.001社会交往从不这样1 464(6.55)419.505<0.001
否11 280(50.48)很少这样4 066(18.20)
父亲受教育程度没受过任何教育584(2.61)430.656<0.001经常这样10 004(44.77)
初中及以下13 408(60.00)总是这样6 811(30.48)
高中及以下4 351(19.47)吸烟频率(d/每月)020 093(89.92)
大学及以上4 002(17.92)1~2666(2.98)
母亲受教育程度没受过任何教育953(4.26)247.490<0.0013~5487(2.18)
初中及以下14 285(63.93)6~9379(1.70)
高中及以下3 638(16.28)10~19302(1.35)
大学及以上3 469(15.53)20~29168(0.75)
同伴吸烟情况是800(3.59)<0.001>30250(1.12)
否21 545(96.41)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078487966982828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样本基本情况与单因素分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量选项频率(%)统计值P值变量选项频率(%)统计值P值
性别男11 452(51.25)66.673<0.001家庭经济条件很差889(3.98)91.457<0.001
女10 893(48.75)差2 595(11.61)
年龄(岁)≤128 008(35.84)5.418<0.001一般17 031(76.22)
13~157 476(33.46)好1 415(6.33)
16~176 759(30.25)很好415(1.86)
≥18102(0.45)亲子关系不满意1 072(4.80)488.629<0.001
居住地本市/县中心地区8 988(40.22)24.954<0.001有一点满意1 941(8.69)
本市/县边远城区或城乡结合部1 677(7.51)比较满意7 501(33.56)
本市乡镇5 282(23.64)非常满意11 831(52.95)
其他市/县659(2.95)生活满意度不满意1 227(5.49)514.383<0.001
农村5 739(25.68)有一点满意3 167(14.17)
年级初中13 277(59.42)17.180<0.001比较满意10 552(47.23)
高中9 068(40.68)非常满意7 399(33.11)
是否寄宿是11 065(49.52)76.766<0.001社会交往从不这样1 464(6.55)419.505<0.001
否11 280(50.48)很少这样4 066(18.20)
父亲受教育程度没受过任何教育584(2.61)430.656<0.001经常这样10 004(44.77)
初中及以下13 408(60.00)总是这样6 811(30.48)
高中及以下4 351(19.47)吸烟频率(d/每月)020 093(89.92)
大学及以上4 002(17.92)1~2666(2.98)
母亲受教育程度没受过任何教育953(4.26)247.490<0.0013~5487(2.18)
初中及以下14 285(63.93)6~9379(1.70)
高中及以下3 638(16.28)10~19302(1.35)
大学及以上3 469(15.53)20~29168(0.75)
同伴吸烟情况是800(3.59)<0.001>30250(1.12)
否21 545(96.41)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078488059257517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量亲子关系生活满意度交友情况吸烟频率
亲子关系1.000
生活满意度0.616***1.000
交友情况0.426***0.442***1.000
抽烟频率-0.228***-0.173***-0.160***1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1324078488134754990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量亲子关系生活满意度交友情况吸烟频率
亲子关系1.000
生活满意度0.616***1.000
交友情况0.426***0.442***1.000
抽烟频率-0.228***-0.173***-0.160***1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1324078488231223983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regression analysis results of the mediation model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:生活满意度模型2:交友情况模型3:吸烟频率
β(95%CI) t值P值β(95%CI) t值P值β(95%CI) t值P值
常量0.863 (0.785~0.931)0.04021.532<0.0010.620 (0.526~0.714)0.04812.994<0.0012.950 (2.832~3.068)0.06048.889<0.001
性别-0.045 (-0.063~-0.027)0.009-5.268<0.0010.052 (0.032~0.072)0.0105.143<0.001-0.143 (-0.168~-0.118)0.013-11.292<0.001
年龄-0.046 (-0.062~-0.030)0.008-5.967<0.0010.034 (0.016~0.052)0.0093.733<0.0010.062 (0.040~0.084)0.0115.492<0.001
居住地-0.002 (-0.008~0.004)0.003-0.7130.4750.006 (-0.002~0.014)0.0041.7640.078-0.016 (-0.026~-0.006)0.005-3.544<0.001
年级-0.076 (-0.102~-0.050)0.013-6.071<0.0010.046 (0.016~0.076)0.0153.081<0.001-0.196 (-0.233~-0.159)0.019-10.444<0.001
是否寄宿0.087 (0.067~0.107)0.0108.806<0.0010.07 (0.046~0.094)0.0125.884<0.001-0.156 (-0.185~-0.127)0.015-10.491<0.001
父亲受教育程度0.026 (0.012~0.040)0.0074.034<0.0010.034 (0.018~0.050)0.0084.257<0.001-0.016 (-0.036~0.004)0.010-1.5890.112
母亲受教育程度0.030 (0.016~0.044)0.0074.330<0.0010.017 (0.001~0.033)0.0082.0640.0390.002 (-0.018~0.022)0.0100.1420.887
家庭经济条件0.073 (0.059~0.087)0.00710.574<0.0010.036 (0.020~0.052)0.0084.431<0.0010.011 (-0.009~0.031)0.0101.1000.271
同伴吸烟情况-0.036 (-0.116~0.044)0.041-1.5600.120-0.017 (-0.070~0.036)0.0270.5120.6090.377 (0.257~0.497)0.0616.131<0.001
亲子关系0.604 (0.594~0.614)0.005115.161<0.0010.258 (0.242~0.274)0.00833.123<0.001-0.212 (-0.232~-0.192)0.010-21.088<0.001
生活满意度0.306 (0.290~0.322)0.00838.521<0.001-0.039 (-0.059~-0.019)0.010-3.804<0.001
交友情况-0.080 (-0.096~-0.064)0.008-9.421<0.001
R 20.4120.2530.329
F 值1423.209631.669209.124
), ArticleFig(id=1324078488319304368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中介模型回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量模型1:生活满意度模型2:交友情况模型3:吸烟频率
β(95%CI) t值P值β(95%CI) t值P值β(95%CI) t值P值
常量0.863 (0.785~0.931)0.04021.532<0.0010.620 (0.526~0.714)0.04812.994<0.0012.950 (2.832~3.068)0.06048.889<0.001
性别-0.045 (-0.063~-0.027)0.009-5.268<0.0010.052 (0.032~0.072)0.0105.143<0.001-0.143 (-0.168~-0.118)0.013-11.292<0.001
年龄-0.046 (-0.062~-0.030)0.008-5.967<0.0010.034 (0.016~0.052)0.0093.733<0.0010.062 (0.040~0.084)0.0115.492<0.001
居住地-0.002 (-0.008~0.004)0.003-0.7130.4750.006 (-0.002~0.014)0.0041.7640.078-0.016 (-0.026~-0.006)0.005-3.544<0.001
年级-0.076 (-0.102~-0.050)0.013-6.071<0.0010.046 (0.016~0.076)0.0153.081<0.001-0.196 (-0.233~-0.159)0.019-10.444<0.001
是否寄宿0.087 (0.067~0.107)0.0108.806<0.0010.07 (0.046~0.094)0.0125.884<0.001-0.156 (-0.185~-0.127)0.015-10.491<0.001
父亲受教育程度0.026 (0.012~0.040)0.0074.034<0.0010.034 (0.018~0.050)0.0084.257<0.001-0.016 (-0.036~0.004)0.010-1.5890.112
母亲受教育程度0.030 (0.016~0.044)0.0074.330<0.0010.017 (0.001~0.033)0.0082.0640.0390.002 (-0.018~0.022)0.0100.1420.887
家庭经济条件0.073 (0.059~0.087)0.00710.574<0.0010.036 (0.020~0.052)0.0084.431<0.0010.011 (-0.009~0.031)0.0101.1000.271
同伴吸烟情况-0.036 (-0.116~0.044)0.041-1.5600.120-0.017 (-0.070~0.036)0.0270.5120.6090.377 (0.257~0.497)0.0616.131<0.001
亲子关系0.604 (0.594~0.614)0.005115.161<0.0010.258 (0.242~0.274)0.00833.123<0.001-0.212 (-0.232~-0.192)0.010-21.088<0.001
生活满意度0.306 (0.290~0.322)0.00838.521<0.001-0.039 (-0.059~-0.019)0.010-3.804<0.001
交友情况-0.080 (-0.096~-0.064)0.008-9.421<0.001
R 20.4120.2530.329
F 值1423.209631.669209.124
), ArticleFig(id=1324078488394801841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Significance test of mediating effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径效应值(bootstrap95%CI)
亲子关系→生活满意度→吸烟频率-0.024(-0.038 ~ -0.009)0.007
中介效应亲子关系→交友情况→吸烟频率-0.021(-0.026 ~ -0.016)0.003
亲子关系→生活满意度→交友情况→吸烟频率-0.015(-0.018 ~ -0.011)0.002
直接效应-0.212(-0.232 ~ -0.193)0.010
间接效应总和-0.059(-0.074 ~ -0.044)0.008
总效应-0.270(-0.286 ~ -0.225)0.008
), ArticleFig(id=1324078488545796786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078466022384218, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介效应显著性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
效应路径效应值(bootstrap95%CI)
亲子关系→生活满意度→吸烟频率-0.024(-0.038 ~ -0.009)0.007
中介效应亲子关系→交友情况→吸烟频率-0.021(-0.026 ~ -0.016)0.003
亲子关系→生活满意度→交友情况→吸烟频率-0.015(-0.018 ~ -0.011)0.002
直接效应-0.212(-0.232 ~ -0.193)0.010
间接效应总和-0.059(-0.074 ~ -0.044)0.008
总效应-0.270(-0.286 ~ -0.225)0.008
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亲子关系对青少年吸烟行为的影响及生活满意度与交友情况的链式中介效应分析
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宋雅蕾 1, 2, 3 , 尹文强 1, 2, 3 , 杜悦 1, 2, 3 , 胡韵 1, 2, 3 , 宋瑞琦 1, 2, 3 , 黄冬梅 1, 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026,53(1): 106-111
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现代预防医学 |儿少卫生与妇幼保健 2026 , 53 (1) : 106 -111
亲子关系对青少年吸烟行为的影响及生活满意度与交友情况的链式中介效应分析
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宋雅蕾1, 2, 3, 尹文强1, 2, 3, 杜悦1, 2, 3, 胡韵1, 2, 3, 宋瑞琦1, 2, 3, 黄冬梅1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
  • 3.健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
通讯作者:
黄冬梅,E-mail:
作者简介:

宋雅蕾(2000—),女,硕士在读,研究方向:卫生管理与政策研究

The impact of parent-child relationship on adolescent smoking behavior: a chain mediation analysis of life satisfaction and social support seeking
Ya-lei SONG1, 2, 3, Wen-qiang YIN1, 2, 3, Yue DU1, 2, 3, Yun HU1, 2, 3, Rui-qi SONG1, 2, 3, Dong-mei HUANG1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • School of Management, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505254
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目的

探究亲子关系对青少年吸烟频率的影响及生活满意度和交友情况的链式中介效应。

方法

基于青少年健康主题数据库2020—2021学年调查数据,运用Spearman相关分析法探讨亲子关系、生活满意度、交友情况和吸烟行为之间的相关性,采用PROCESS 4.1程序Model 6构建链式中介模型。

结果

研究共纳入22 345个样本。亲子关系对青少年生活满意度、交友情况产生正向影响(β=0.604,P<0.001;β=0.258,P<0.001);生活满意度对交友情况产生正向影响(β=0.306,P<0.001);亲子关系、生活满意度、交友情况均会减少青少年的吸烟频率(β=-0.212,P<0.001;β= -0.039,P<0.001;β=-0.080,P<0.001)。青少年生活满意度与交友情况在亲子关系与吸烟频率间存在显著链式中介效应(β=-0.015,95% CI=-0.018~-0.011)。

结论

青少年生活满意度与交友情况在亲子关系与吸烟频率间存在显著链式中介效应,父母应营造积极的家庭氛围,建立融洽的亲子关系,及时纠正青少年错误观念,减少吸烟行为的发生。

亲子关系  /  青少年  /  烟草使用  /  链式中介效应
Objective

To investigate the impact of parent-child relationship on adolescent smoking frequency and to analyze the chain mediating effect of life satisfaction and social support seeking.

Methods

Based on the survey data from the Adolescent Health Database for the 2020—2021 academic year, Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations among parent-child relationship, life satisfaction, social support seeking, and smoking behavior. The chain mediation model was constructed using the PROCESS 4.1 program, Model 6.

Results

A total of 22 345 samples were included in the study. Parent-child relationship positively influenced adolescents’ life satisfaction and social support seeking (β=0.604, P<0.001; β=0.258, P<0.001). Life satisfaction also positively influenced social support seeking (β=0.306, P<0.001). Parent-child relationship, life satisfaction, and social support seeking were all significantly associated with lower adolescent smoking frequency (β=-0.212, P<0.001; β=-0.039, P<0.001; β=-0.080, P<0.001). The chain mediating effect of life satisfaction and social support seeking between parent-child relationship and smoking frequency was significant (β=-0.015, 95% CI: -0.018~-0.011).

Conclusion

Life satisfaction and social support seeking play a significant chain mediating role between parent-child relationship and adolescent smoking frequency. Parents should create a positive family atmosphere, establish a harmonious parent-child relationship, and promptly correct adolescents’ misconceptions to reduce the occurrence of smoking behavior.

Parent-child relationship  /  Adolescents  /  Tobacco use  /  Chain mediating effect
宋雅蕾, 尹文强, 杜悦, 胡韵, 宋瑞琦, 黄冬梅. 亲子关系对青少年吸烟行为的影响及生活满意度与交友情况的链式中介效应分析. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (1) : 106 -111 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505254
Ya-lei SONG, Wen-qiang YIN, Yue DU, Yun HU, Rui-qi SONG, Dong-mei HUANG. The impact of parent-child relationship on adolescent smoking behavior: a chain mediation analysis of life satisfaction and social support seeking[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (1) : 106 -111 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505254
青少年面对着家庭、学校和社会的各种压力以及身体的迅速发育和激素的波动,往往处于一种心理和情绪的不稳定状态[1],随着网络时代的发展,接触不良信息的机率增加,各种因素的共同作用下,易出现偏差行为[2]。吸烟作为一种代表性的偏差行为,不仅影响青少年的大脑发育、呼吸系统和心血管系统,诱导其他偏差行为的发生,还会加速成年后慢性病的发生[3-4]。如何有效防止青少年吸烟行为的发生已经成为一个亟待解决的公共卫生问题。目前研究多聚焦于社会和学校方面[5-7],而家庭作为青少年成长的重要场所之一,却少有研究分析如何通过家庭预防青少年吸烟行为。因此,本研究通过青少年健康主题数据库,以山东省的初高中生为样本,探究亲子关系对青少年吸烟频率的影响,为促进青少年健康成长提供借鉴。现有研究表明,良好的亲子关系不仅有助于提升青少年的生活满意度和改善其交友状况[8-9],还显著减少青少年的吸烟行为[10-11]。进一步研究发现,生活满意度与社交质量之间存在显著正相关关系[12],而较高的生活满意度和积极的交友情况均对青少年吸烟频率具有负向预测作用,即二者水平越高,青少年吸烟的可能性越低[13]。这提示亲子关系可能通过提升青少年的主观幸福感和交友情况可能间接抑制其吸烟行为。基于现有研究结论,本研究提出以下假设。
H1:亲子关系直接影响青少年吸烟频率
H2:生活满意度在亲子关系与吸烟频率间存在中介作用
H3:交友情况在亲子关系与吸烟频率间存在中介作用
H4:生活满意度和交友情况在亲子关系与吸烟频率间存在链式中介作用
本研究数据来自青少年健康主题数据库[14],项目已通过山东大学伦理委员会审核批准(20180517),该数据采用概率比例规模抽样方法对山东省17个城市的186所学校的中学生开展调查,可为青少年健康、危险行为等领域研究提供数据支持。本研究选取2021年调查数据,合并个人情况、家庭情况、生活质量、危险行为四个子数据,共获得56 325个样本。剔除关键变量存在缺失的样本后,共纳入22 345个样本,筛选流程见图1。
因变量:青少年吸烟频率。数据库问卷以问题“在过去的30 d里,有多少天你有吸烟?”来反映青少年吸烟频率,答案选项分别为“0 d、1~2 d、3~5 d、6~9 d、10~19 d、20~29 d、大于30 d”,依次赋分1~7分,分值越高表明青少年吸烟的频率越高。
自变量:亲子关系[15-16]。数据库问卷以“你对你和父母的关系感到满意吗?”反映亲子关系,答案选项为“不满意、有一点满意、比较满意、非常满意”,依次赋分1~4分,分值越高表明亲子关系越好。
中介变量1:生活满意度。数据库问卷以“你对自己的生活感到满意吗?”反映生活满意度,答案选项为“不满意、有一点满意、比较满意、非常满意”,依次赋分1~4分,分值越高表明生活满意度越高。
中介变量2:交友情况。数据库问卷以“需要帮助时,你能找到可信赖的朋友吗?”反映青少年的交友情况,答案选项为“从不这样、很少这样、经常这样、总是这样”,依次赋分1~4分,分值越高表明青少年的交友情况越好。
协变量:参照过往研究[17-18],将性别、年龄、年级、是否寄宿、居住地、父母受教育程度、家庭经济条件、同伴吸烟情况纳为协变量。
本研究运用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行分析。计数资料采用百分比进行统计描述,通过非参数秩和检验进行单因素分析,通过Spearman相关法探究变量间的相关性。采用Harman单因素法进行共同方法偏差检验,采用SPSS Process 4.1构建链式中介模型,使用偏差校正的百分位bootstrap法进行链式中介效应分析,检验水准α=0.05。
结果显示,样本吸烟人数占比达到10.08%。单因素分析结果显示不同基本情况的青少年吸烟频率均存在差异(P均<0.001)。见表1。
本研究通过Harman单因子检验法,将所有条目进行未旋转的主成分因素分析。结果显示第一个因子的方差解释率为19.96%,低于40%的标准,表明本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差问题。
如表2所示,青少年亲子关系与生活满意度、交友情况呈正相关,与吸烟频率呈负相关。生活满意度与交友情况呈正相关,与吸烟频率呈负相关。交友情况与抽烟频率呈负相关。
本研究以亲子关系为自变量,以生活满意度、交友情况为中介变量,以吸烟频率为因变量构建链式中介模型,并通过bootstrap检验以验证其显著性,bootstrap样本设置为5 000个。
结果显示,亲子关系对生活满意度产生正向影响(β=0.604,P<0.001);亲子关系对青少年交友情况产生正向影响(β=0.258,P<0.001);生活满意度对交友情况产生正向影响(β=0.306,P<0.001);亲子关系、生活满意度、交友情况均会对减少青少年的吸烟频率(β=-0.212,P<0.001;β=-0.039,P<0.001;β=-0.080,P<0.001)。见表3、图2。
链式中介路径分析结果显示,亲子关系对青少年吸烟频率的直接效应有统计学意义(β=-0.212,95% CI:-0.232~-0.193),假设1成立。青少年生活满意度在亲子关系与吸烟频率间的中介效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.024,95% CI:-0.038~-0.009),假设2成立。青少年交友情况在亲子关系与吸烟频率间的中介效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.021,95% CI:-0.026~-0.016),假设3成立。青少年生活满意度与交友情况在亲子关系与吸烟频率间的链式中介效应具有统计学意义(β=-0.015,95% CI:-0.018~-0.011),假设4成立。见表4。
研究结果显示亲子关系越好,青少年的吸烟频率越低,与郑莹、马皓苓等[10,19]的研究结果一致。青少年阶段自我意识与独立意识迅速发展[20],亲子关系不融洽时,父母与青少年间缺乏有效的沟通,无法对其错误想法进行纠正和引导,导致偏差行为的产生。此外,亲子关系不融洽导致青少年与父母间容易产生矛盾,青少年可能会通过吸烟来逃避现实或寻求心理安慰。因此,父母应营造和谐的家庭氛围,减少家庭冲突,增强青少年在家庭中的归属感和安全感,并通过合理的方式与青少年沟通,了解其想法和需求,及时纠正错误观念,减少吸烟行为的发生。
研究结果显示较高生活满意度的青少年吸烟频率越低,与马胜男等人[21]的研究结果一致。青少年生活满意度在亲子关系和吸烟频率的影响间存在显著的中介效应。亲子关系越好,青少年的生活满意度越高,吸烟频率越低。良好的亲子关系能够为个体提供情感支持和安全感,从而提高生活满意度。既往研究发现稳定的亲子关系对青少年的健康成长具有保护作用,能够促使青少年保持更加积极乐观的生活态度,提高自己的生活满意度[22]。生活满意度高的青少年对生活有更多积极的感受和评价,更注重自身的健康[13],吸烟的可能性相对较低。从心理学角度来看,生活满意度低的青少年更容易产生焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪,导致其试图通过吸烟带来的短暂快感来缓解内心不满。因此,父母应充分认识青少年阶段的特殊性,避免对青少年的情绪过于敏感或反应过度,给予他们足够的空间和理解,并对青少年的努力和成就给予及时的肯定和鼓励,帮助其建立自信心和应对挫折的能力,减少因焦虑、抑郁等原因产生的吸烟行为。
研究结果显示青少年的交友情况显著影响吸烟行为的发生,与林本翔等人[23]的研究结果一致。交友情况在亲子关系和吸烟频率的影响间存在显著的中介效应,亲子关系越好,其交友情况越好,吸烟频率越低。亲子关系亲密时,父母能够更好地了解孩子的社交需求和交友情况,从而给予适当的引导和支持,有助于培养青少年的社交能力和自信心并建立健康的社交关系[24]。健康的交友情况可以作为一种缓冲机制,帮助其应对生活中的压力和挑战,减少因压力而吸烟的可能性。相反,紧张的家庭氛围则可能导致青少年在交友时寻求外部的情感支持,甚至与不良朋友交往以获得认同感,从而增加产生偏差行为的可能性。同时,如果青少年在社交中感到孤独或被排斥,可能会通过吸烟来缓解情绪,试图通过这种方式来获得一种虚假的归属感和自我认同。因此,父母在关注青少年的亲子关系的同时,应通过良好的亲子关系来引导青少年建立健康的社交网络,从而减少青少年吸烟行为的发生。
研究结果显示在青少年亲子关系对吸烟频率的影响间,生活满意度和交友情况存在显著的链式中介作用。良好的亲子关系通过提升青少年生活满意度,促进其建立健康的交友网络,进而减少青少年的吸烟频率。从社会支持理论的角度来看,良好的亲子关系为青少年提供家庭层面的社会支持,增强青少年的自信心和安全感,具有较高的生活满意度,使其在面对生活中的各种问题时,能够更加积极地寻求和建立外部的社会支持网络[25]。而这种外部的社会支持网络进一步增强了青少年的应对能力,使其更好地应对生活中的压力和挑战,进而减少因沮丧或焦虑导致吸烟的可能性。
综上所述,减少青少年吸烟行为可以通过三条中介路径进行,家庭是青少年成长的重要环境,父母可通过定期家庭会议、决策协商制等活动营造积极的家庭氛围,建立融洽的亲子关系,提升青少年的生活满意度。此外,家长应通过日常交流了解孩子的交友情况以及其朋友是否存在吸烟行为,引导其建立健康的社交网络,及时纠正错误观念。最后家长可通过邀请子女的好友及其家长共同参与家庭活动,在自然情境中了解孩子的交友状况,在提高孩子生活满意度的同时,确保孩子拥有健康的社交环境,减少不良同伴影响,保护青少年健康成长,减少青少年吸烟行为的发生。本研究也存在一定的局限性:首先受数据限制,本研究核心变量通过单一问题进行衡量,可能低估或模糊变量间的真实关系,未来研究使用经过信效度检验的成熟量表进行测量。此外本研究数据均来自山东省,作为教育大省,深受儒家文化的影响,青少年学习负担重、压力大等问题较为突出[23],样本存在一定的地域局限性,未来还应拓展至多地区,构建更为全面的研究图景。
  • 山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG043)
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2026年第53卷第1期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202505254
  • 接收时间:2025-05-16
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-16
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山东省自然科学基金(ZR2022MG043)
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    1.山东第二医科大学管理学院,山东 潍坊 261053
    2.“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053
    3.健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心,山东 潍坊 261053

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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