Article(id=1324078429804568974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507333, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753200000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614497852, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614497852, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614497852, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614497852, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078333767594037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614474956, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614571752, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=62, endPage=69, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078430119141775, articleId=1324078429804568974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Effects of combined exposure of benzo[a]pyrene and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether on biological behavior of mammary epithelial cells, columnId=1228016570660745413, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Environmental and Occupational Health, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effects of combined exposure of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether (BDE-47), which widely coexist in the environment as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, on the proliferation, migration and invasion of mammary epithelial cells and their possible tumorigenic mechanisms.

Methods

Human mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells were treated with 1 μM B[a]P and gradient concentrations of BDE-47, alone or in combination. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8 method, scratch test and Transwell chamber. Protein expression levels of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT) related markers and β-catenin were detected by Western blot.

Results

Compared with control group, flow cytometry results showed that exposure to B[a]P and BDE-47 alone and in combination significantly decreased the proportion of G0/G1 cells and significantly increased the proportion of S and G2/M cells(P<0.05), but did not induce apoptosis in MCF-10A cells(P>0.05). The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4(CDK4) and CyclinD1 increased significantly(P<0.05), and CDK6 expression level had no significant difference (P>0.05). CCK-8 results showed that B[a]P and BDE-47, both alone and in combination, significantly enhanced cell viability, with the combined exposure producing a stronger effect(P<0.05). Scratch wound and Transwell assays demonstrated that both single and combined exposures enhanced cell migration and invasion(P<0.05), with the combined exposure group showing the most pronounced effects. Western blot analysis showed that EMT-related epithelial-associated proteins E-cadherin and ZO-1 were down-regulated (P<0.05), while mesenchymal associated proteins N-Cadherin, Vimentin and Snail were up-regulated (P<0.05), and the protein level of β-catenin was also increased(P<0.05), suggesting activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Combined exposure of B[a]P and BDE-47 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of mammary epithelial cells, and the combined effect was stronger, which may induce EMT process of mammary epithelial cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to play a tumorigenic role.

, authors=Song-ying PAN1, 2, Nian JIANG1, 2, Yong-jun TANG1, 2, Zhen-ning FENG1, 2, Chen-lu MA1, 2, Ying-xu HE1, 2, Xiao-long CHEN1, 2, Hui LIU1, 2, Wei-yi PANG1, 2, 3, authorsList=Song-ying PAN, Nian JIANG, Yong-jun TANG, Zhen-ning FENG, Chen-lu MA, Ying-xu HE, Xiao-long CHEN, Hui LIU, Wei-yi PANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hui LIU, Wei-yi PANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078433617191324, articleId=1324078429804568974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=苯并芘和2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚联合暴露对乳腺上皮细胞生物学行为的影响, columnId=1228016571273113811, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=环境与职业卫生, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨环境中广泛共存的内分泌干扰物——苯并芘(benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P)与2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚(2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether,BDE-47)联合暴露对乳腺上皮细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭等细胞生物学行为的影响及其可能的致瘤作用机制。

方法

以人源性乳腺上皮MCF-10A细胞为研究对象,1μM B[a]P与梯度浓度BDE-47单独以及联合处理MCF-10A细胞后,采用流式细胞术分别检测细胞的周期及凋亡的变化情况;采用CCK-8法、划痕实验和Transwell小室分别检测细胞增殖及迁移侵袭能力;并采用蛋白质印记法检测上皮间质转化(epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition,EMT)相关标志物和β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)的蛋白表达水平。

结果

与对照组相比,流式细胞术结果显示,B[a]P和BDE-47单独及联合暴露均导致G0/G1期细胞比例显著降低,S期和G2/M期细胞比例显著升高(P<0.05),但未诱导MCF-10A细胞发生显著凋亡(P>0.05)。细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶CDK4、Cyclin D1表达显著升高(P<0.05),CDK6表达水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。CCK-8结果显示,B[a]P和BDE-47单独及联合暴露均可显著增强细胞活力,且联合暴露后效应更强。划痕实验和Transwell小室结果显示,单独以及联合染毒后均使细胞的迁移和侵袭能力增强(P<0.05),且联合暴露组更显著。蛋白质印记法结果显示,EMT上皮相关蛋白E-cadherin和ZO-1表达均下调(P<0.05),而间充质相关蛋白N-Cadherin、Vimentin和Snail表达均显著上调(P<0.05)。Wnt通路关键组分蛋白β-catenin表达上调(P<0.05)。

结论

B[a]P和BDE-47联合暴露促进乳腺上皮细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,且联合作用的效应更强,可能通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路诱导乳腺上皮细胞EMT过程发挥致瘤作用。

, authors=潘松英1, 2, 姜念1, 2, 唐永君1, 2, 冯振宁1, 2, 马晨璐1, 2, 何应旭1, 2, 陈晓龙1, 2, 刘慧1, 2, 庞伟毅1, 2, 3, authorsList=潘松英, 姜念, 唐永君, 冯振宁, 马晨璐, 何应旭, 陈晓龙, 刘慧, 庞伟毅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘慧, 庞伟毅, authorNote=

潘松英(1997—),女,硕士,住院医师,研究方向:环境化学物与肿瘤

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刘慧,E-mail:
庞伟毅,E-mail:
刘慧与庞伟毅为共同通信作者
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注:a P<0.05;b P<0.01。

, figureFileSmall=DDdU0kqMrKD4Giy87zI2hw==, figureFileBig=FBKhwWixuFpsDhIADf4X1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078439627629031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078429804568974, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Flow cytometry analysis of the effects of co-exposure to B[a]P and BDE-47 on the cell cycle distribution of MCF-10A cells, figureFileSmall=29oiXO9/ZeA4eCt74sc/kw==, figureFileBig=Xx6VKSkGBnzZmDrLR8eZqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078439707320808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078429804568974, language=CN, label=图2, caption=流式细胞仪检测B[a]P和BDE-47联合暴露对MCF-10A细胞周期的影响

注:* P<0.05;* * P<0.01;* * * P<0.001;A为24h;B为48h;C为72h。

, figureFileSmall=29oiXO9/ZeA4eCt74sc/kw==, figureFileBig=Xx6VKSkGBnzZmDrLR8eZqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078439803789801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078429804568974, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Effects of co-exposure to B[a]P and BDE-47 on apoptosis of MCF-10A cells at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, figureFileSmall=k9J9YmuJ3+Xx9uZbjddzWg==, figureFileBig=YWFGze2r0+RkIGnvtbVJOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078439870898666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078429804568974, language=CN, label=图3, caption=B[a]P和BDE-47联合暴露24、48和72h对MCF-10A细胞凋亡的影响, figureFileSmall=k9J9YmuJ3+Xx9uZbjddzWg==, figureFileBig=YWFGze2r0+RkIGnvtbVJOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078439938007531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078429804568974, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Scratch assay and Transwell assay assessing the effects of co-exposure to B[a]P and BDE-47 on the migration and invasion abilities of MCF-10 cells, figureFileSmall=/sktLsadtXSicAdd9Qwy5Q==, figureFileBig=b9IV8/7tO3BhsgqY1O6fLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078440009310700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078429804568974, language=CN, label=图4, caption=划痕实验和Transwell实验检测B[a]P和BDE-47联合暴露对MCF-10细胞迁移、侵袭能力的影响

注:* P<0.05;* * P<0.01;* * * P<0.001;A为划疯实验;B为Transwel实验;C为细胞划疯迁移率;D为细胞相对迁移率;E为细胞相对侵装率。

, figureFileSmall=/sktLsadtXSicAdd9Qwy5Q==, figureFileBig=b9IV8/7tO3BhsgqY1O6fLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078441821250029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078429804568974, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Effects of co-exposure to B[a]P and BDE-47 on cell cycle regulator protein expression in MCF-10A cells, figureFileSmall=MufjBnWTyfRMo9ulDej8SQ==, figureFileBig=QsBA6X0WjGOeJBaD9R6lgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078442223903214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078429804568974, language=CN, label=图5, caption=B[a]P和 BDE-47联合暴露对MCF-10A细胞周期蛋白表达水平的影响

注:A为蛋白免疫印迹图、B为CyclinD1蛋白相对表达量、C为CDK4蛋白相对表达量、D为CDK6蛋白相对表达量;* P<0.05,* * P<0.01,* * * P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=MufjBnWTyfRMo9ulDej8SQ==, figureFileBig=QsBA6X0WjGOeJBaD9R6lgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078442337149423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078429804568974, language=EN, label=Figure 6, caption=Effects of co-exposure to B[a]P and BDE-47 on EMT-related protein expression in MCF-10A cells, figureFileSmall=hnUZhNbB9OPyHL37YO1DJw==, figureFileBig=Xyq+fIqDMtg6uG+h6xF6FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078442697859568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078429804568974, language=CN, label=图6, caption=B[a]P和BDE-47联合暴露对MCF-10A细胞EMT相关蛋白表达水平的影响

注:A为蛋白免疫印迹检测细胞EMT相关蛋白的表达;B为N-Cadherin蛋白相对表达量;C为Vimentin蛋白相对表达量;D为Snail蛋白相对表达量;E为β-catenin蛋白相对表达量;F为E-Cadherin蛋白相对表达量;G为ZO-1 蛋白的相对表达水平;* P<0.05,* * P<0.01,* * * P<0.001。

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苯并芘和2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚联合暴露对乳腺上皮细胞生物学行为的影响
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潘松英 1, 2 , 姜念 1, 2 , 唐永君 1, 2 , 冯振宁 1, 2 , 马晨璐 1, 2 , 何应旭 1, 2 , 陈晓龙 1, 2 , 刘慧 1, 2 , 庞伟毅 1, 2, 3
现代预防医学 | 环境与职业卫生 2026,53(1): 62-69
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现代预防医学 |环境与职业卫生 2026 , 53 (1) : 62 -69
苯并芘和2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚联合暴露对乳腺上皮细胞生物学行为的影响
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潘松英1, 2, 姜念1, 2, 唐永君1, 2, 冯振宁1, 2, 马晨璐1, 2, 何应旭1, 2, 陈晓龙1, 2, 刘慧1, 2 , 庞伟毅1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.广西环境暴露组学与全生命周期健康重点实验室,桂林医科大学,广西 桂林 541199
  • 2.桂林医科大学公共卫生学院,广西 桂林 541199
  • 3.桂林医科大学人文管理学院,广西 桂林 541199
通讯作者:
刘慧,E-mail:
庞伟毅,E-mail:
刘慧与庞伟毅为共同通信作者
作者简介:

潘松英(1997—),女,硕士,住院医师,研究方向:环境化学物与肿瘤

Effects of combined exposure of benzo[a]pyrene and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether on biological behavior of mammary epithelial cells
Song-ying PAN1, 2, Nian JIANG1, 2, Yong-jun TANG1, 2, Zhen-ning FENG1, 2, Chen-lu MA1, 2, Ying-xu HE1, 2, Xiao-long CHEN1, 2, Hui LIU1, 2 , Wei-yi PANG1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199, China
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507333
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目的

探讨环境中广泛共存的内分泌干扰物——苯并芘(benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P)与2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚(2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether,BDE-47)联合暴露对乳腺上皮细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭等细胞生物学行为的影响及其可能的致瘤作用机制。

方法

以人源性乳腺上皮MCF-10A细胞为研究对象,1μM B[a]P与梯度浓度BDE-47单独以及联合处理MCF-10A细胞后,采用流式细胞术分别检测细胞的周期及凋亡的变化情况;采用CCK-8法、划痕实验和Transwell小室分别检测细胞增殖及迁移侵袭能力;并采用蛋白质印记法检测上皮间质转化(epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition,EMT)相关标志物和β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)的蛋白表达水平。

结果

与对照组相比,流式细胞术结果显示,B[a]P和BDE-47单独及联合暴露均导致G0/G1期细胞比例显著降低,S期和G2/M期细胞比例显著升高(P<0.05),但未诱导MCF-10A细胞发生显著凋亡(P>0.05)。细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶CDK4、Cyclin D1表达显著升高(P<0.05),CDK6表达水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。CCK-8结果显示,B[a]P和BDE-47单独及联合暴露均可显著增强细胞活力,且联合暴露后效应更强。划痕实验和Transwell小室结果显示,单独以及联合染毒后均使细胞的迁移和侵袭能力增强(P<0.05),且联合暴露组更显著。蛋白质印记法结果显示,EMT上皮相关蛋白E-cadherin和ZO-1表达均下调(P<0.05),而间充质相关蛋白N-Cadherin、Vimentin和Snail表达均显著上调(P<0.05)。Wnt通路关键组分蛋白β-catenin表达上调(P<0.05)。

结论

B[a]P和BDE-47联合暴露促进乳腺上皮细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,且联合作用的效应更强,可能通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路诱导乳腺上皮细胞EMT过程发挥致瘤作用。

乳腺上皮细胞  /  苯并芘  /  2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚  /  联合暴露  /  致癌作用
Objective

To investigate the effects of combined exposure of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether (BDE-47), which widely coexist in the environment as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, on the proliferation, migration and invasion of mammary epithelial cells and their possible tumorigenic mechanisms.

Methods

Human mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells were treated with 1 μM B[a]P and gradient concentrations of BDE-47, alone or in combination. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by CCK-8 method, scratch test and Transwell chamber. Protein expression levels of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT) related markers and β-catenin were detected by Western blot.

Results

Compared with control group, flow cytometry results showed that exposure to B[a]P and BDE-47 alone and in combination significantly decreased the proportion of G0/G1 cells and significantly increased the proportion of S and G2/M cells(P<0.05), but did not induce apoptosis in MCF-10A cells(P>0.05). The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4(CDK4) and CyclinD1 increased significantly(P<0.05), and CDK6 expression level had no significant difference (P>0.05). CCK-8 results showed that B[a]P and BDE-47, both alone and in combination, significantly enhanced cell viability, with the combined exposure producing a stronger effect(P<0.05). Scratch wound and Transwell assays demonstrated that both single and combined exposures enhanced cell migration and invasion(P<0.05), with the combined exposure group showing the most pronounced effects. Western blot analysis showed that EMT-related epithelial-associated proteins E-cadherin and ZO-1 were down-regulated (P<0.05), while mesenchymal associated proteins N-Cadherin, Vimentin and Snail were up-regulated (P<0.05), and the protein level of β-catenin was also increased(P<0.05), suggesting activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Combined exposure of B[a]P and BDE-47 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of mammary epithelial cells, and the combined effect was stronger, which may induce EMT process of mammary epithelial cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to play a tumorigenic role.

Mammary epithelial cells  /  Benzo[a]pyrene  /  2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether  /  Combined exposure  /  Carcinogenesis
潘松英, 姜念, 唐永君, 冯振宁, 马晨璐, 何应旭, 陈晓龙, 刘慧, 庞伟毅. 苯并芘和2,2',4,4'-四溴联苯醚联合暴露对乳腺上皮细胞生物学行为的影响. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (1) : 62 -69 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507333
Song-ying PAN, Nian JIANG, Yong-jun TANG, Zhen-ning FENG, Chen-lu MA, Ying-xu HE, Xiao-long CHEN, Hui LIU, Wei-yi PANG. Effects of combined exposure of benzo[a]pyrene and 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether on biological behavior of mammary epithelial cells[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (1) : 62 -69 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507333
乳腺癌是威胁女性生命和生活质量的常见恶性肿瘤,也是全球女性癌症死因之首,普遍观点认为异常的激素信号激活是乳腺癌发生的关键危险因素[1]。新近研究表明,人造化学品中环境内分泌干扰物(environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals, EDCs)可能通过模拟或干扰正常的雌激素功能,增加乳腺癌的风险[2]。
苯并芘(benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P)和2,2,4,4'-四溴联苯醚(2,2,4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether,BDE-47)。BDE-47均为常见的EDCs,能够在进入靶细胞后与体内激素竞争性受体结合,扰乱机体内分泌系统的正常代谢。B[a]P作为多环芳烃化合物的典型代表,是多环芳烃类环境污染物中最常见且毒性作用最强的污染物,废弃物或燃料燃烧过程是其产生的主要来源[3]。BDE-47因具备优良的阻燃性能而被广泛应用于塑料制品、室内装饰材料及电子产品等领域[4]。近年来,B[a]P和BDE-47在全球范围内均被广泛检出,在室内粉尘中检测B[a]P浓度为(175±350) μg/kg、BDE-47含量介于2.7~14 610 μg/kg,可生物蓄积作用于母乳、血液、脂肪组织中并发挥类雌激素作用[5-7]。流行病学调查数据显示,BDE-47在人体组织中的含量范围为0.5~196 μg/kg,血液中为0.4~145.2 μg/kg,而在母乳中的含量为0.48~272 μg/kg[5,8]。现有研究表明,暴露于BDE-47能显著增强乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的迁移与侵袭能力[9],但B[a]P和BDE-47联合暴露在乳腺癌致癌的早期阶段的毒性效应及其潜在的作用机制罕见报道。本研究以人乳腺上皮MCF-10A细胞为研究对象,拟通过B[a]P和BDE-47联合染毒检测细胞的周期分布及凋亡情况、细胞增殖、迁移侵袭能力及Wnt通路核心组件β-catenin蛋白和E-cadherin、N-Cadherin及Vimentin蛋白等EMT标志物的表达,探讨B[a]P和BDE-47联合暴露对乳腺上皮细胞的分子生物学影响及其可能致瘤作用机制。
将B[a]P(纯度≥96%,Sigma-Aldrich,America)、BDE-47(纯度为95.9%,CSNpharm)分别溶解于二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO),使其终浓度为100 mmol /L,常温避光保存。使用前以培养基稀释至所需浓度。人乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A细胞购自于中国普诺赛公司,胎牛血清购自Gibco公司,胰蛋白酶、DMSO购自索莱宝公司,E-cadherin、N-Cadherin等抗体购自Proteintech,CCK-8试剂盒购自Dojindo公司,细胞凋亡试剂盒、细胞周期试剂盒购自联科生物公司,全波长扫描式多功能微孔板读数仪购自美国 Thermo Fisher Scientific公司,流式细胞仪购自BD FACSCanto公司。
MCF-10A细胞在含有10%胎牛血清和1%的青霉素-链霉素的DMEM培养基中于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中进行培养。待细胞贴壁生长后,弃掉培养基,用PBS洗涤2~3次,根据实验目的进行染毒处理。
胰酶消化并收集细胞,制备成细胞悬液,调整密度为2×105个细胞接种于6孔板,待完全贴壁后,更换1μM B[a]P,1μM BDE-47、10μM BDE-47、100μM BDE-47及1μM B[a]P+1μM BDE-47、1μM B[a]P+10μM BDE-47、1μM B[a]P+100μM BDE-47浓度培养基,放置培养箱中培养24、48和72 h。染毒结束后弃去培养基,用PBS洗涤并收集的细胞沉淀,-20℃固定过夜。次日用PBS洗涤,加入1ml DNA染色液,避光孵育30 min,上机检测。
收集处理后的细胞,制备成细胞悬液、接种于6孔板,待完全贴壁后,更换含1μM B[a]P、10μM BDE-47、1μM B[a]P+10μM BDE-47培养基,以DMSO为对照,放置培养箱中培养24、48和72 h。染毒结束后弃去培养基,用预冷的PBS洗涤并收集的细胞沉淀,将细胞悬浮于500 μl结合缓冲液中,加入5 μl的AnnexinⅤ-PITC和10 μl的碘化丙啶,充分混匀后,在4℃避光条件下孵育5 min后上机检测。
收取处于对数生长期的MCF-10A细胞从正常培养基中取出,接种于96孔板中,细胞贴壁12 h,观察细胞密度和状态以符合实验要求后,更换含100pM~100 μM BDE-47浓度梯度培养基,以DMSO为对照。设置3个复孔、放置培养箱中培养24、48和72 h。染毒结束后弃去培养基,向每孔加入10%的CCK-8试剂,在37℃避光条件下反应1 h,于450 nm处读取光密度D值。
胰酶消化并收集处理后细胞,制成单细胞悬液后接种于6孔板,当细胞融合度达到85%~95%时,进行划痕。用100μl枪头,在孔内每隔1cm画条平行线,共3条平行线,随后更换1μM B[a]P、10μM BDE-47、1μM B[a]P+10μM BDE-47浓度培养基,放置培养箱中培养24 h。染毒结束后在倒置显微镜下观察拍照。
收集处于对数生长期的MCF-10A细胞,更换染毒培养基后培养24h,用500 μl胰蛋白酶消化后收集细胞悬液。取出预先激活的小室,在下室加入600μl马血清的DMEM/F12和200μl用无血清培养基悬浮细胞后放回培养箱培养。24 h后,弃去培养基并用PBS清洗两遍,每孔加入600μl 4%的多聚甲醛固定30 min。然后用超纯水洗涤2~3遍,加入600μl 0.1%结晶紫染色30 min,洗净至液体变淡蓝色,在显微镜下随机选取5个视野观察并拍照。侵袭实验中将matrigel基质胶提前解冻至4℃,用预冷无菌枪头吸取100μl工作液均匀地加入Transwell小室中,在37℃培养箱中凝固2~4 h。其余步骤与Transwell迁移实验相同。
用1μM B[a]P、10 μM BDE-47、1 μM B[a]P+10 μM BDE-47处理MCF-10A细胞24 h后收集细胞沉淀,RIPA裂解细胞提取总蛋白,BCA测定蛋白浓度。制备10%SDS-PAGE胶,加载样品后进行电泳,将蛋白转移到PVDF膜上,用TBST洗膜1 min,封闭于5% BSA中室温摇匀1~2 h,分别加入N-Cadherin、Vimentin、E-cadherin、ZO-1、Snail、CyclinD1、CDK4、CDK6和β-catenin一抗(1:1 000)4℃孵育过夜,TBST洗涤3次,加入二抗(1:5 000)室温孵育1h,TBST洗膜,最后进行发光显影。实验重复3次。
利用SPSS 25.0进行统计分析,连续变量以(均值±标准差)表示,采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用Tukey-Kramer检验,双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。细胞周期、细胞凋亡实验数据使用FlowJo 10.8.1软件分析。划痕实验、Transwell实验、Wb实验用ImageJ软件分析处理。采用GraphPad Prism 8.0.2软件作图。
各梯度浓度BDE-47和1 μM B[a]P联合暴露处理MCF-10A细胞24、48和72h,设置0.1%溶剂作为对照组。CCK8结果显示,与对照组相比,在1 μM B[a]P与10 μM、100 μM BDE-47联合暴露均显著提高细胞活力(P<0.05);在联合暴露72h,1μM BDE-47联合暴露组也观察到细胞活力显著上升(P<0.05)。见图1。
结果显示,与对照组相比,在染毒24h后各个浓度组G0/G1期细胞比例降低,单独暴露组以及1μM B[a]P和10μM BDE-47联合暴露组S期细胞比例均增加,各个浓度组G2/M期细胞比例呈现大幅度上升(P<0.05);在染毒48和72 h后同样细胞G0/G1期比例降低,S期和G2/M期呈现不同程度的上升。见图2。
结果显示,与对照组相比,染毒组凋亡细胞呈现轻微的下降趋势,但无统计学差异,表明各染毒组对MCF-10A凋亡的细胞数无明显改变(P>0.05)。见图3。
划痕实验结果表明,与对照组相比,各暴露组细胞的划痕愈合面积显著增加,愈合率分别提升至(85.33%±3.109%)、(79.35%±1.448%)和(89.79%±1.398%)(P<0.05),表明细胞迁移能力增强。此外,联合暴露组(B[a]P+BDE-47)的愈合面积显著大于BDE-47单独暴露组(P<0.05)。Transwell结果表明,与对照组相比,各处理组穿膜细胞数量明显增多(P<0.05);与BDE-47单独暴露组相比,联合暴露组的迁移与侵袭能力均显著增强(P<0.05)。见图4。
结果显示,1μM B[a]P和10μM BDE-47联合暴露24 h后,与对照组相比,CDK6蛋白表达有轻微上调,但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。CyclinD1、CDK4的蛋白水平均明显上调(P<0.05)。与B[a]P单独暴露相比,联合暴露组CDK4和CyclinD1表现出更高的表达水平(P<0.05)。见图5。
为探究B[a]P和BDE-47联合暴露诱导MCF-10A细胞增殖、迁移侵袭等恶性表型可能的潜在作用机制,我们进一步检测B[a]P和BDE-47联合暴露24 h后细胞中EMT标志物(N-Cadherin、Vimentin、Snail、E-Cadherin、ZO-1)和Wnt通路关键蛋白β-catenin的表达情况。与对照组相比,三个处理组中MCF-10A细胞的E-Cadherin和ZO-1表达显著下降,而N-Cadherin、Vimentin、Snail表达显著升高(P<0.05)。Wnt通路关键组分蛋白β-catenin表达上调(P<0.05)。与单独暴露相比,N-Cadherin、Vimentin和Snail表达上调(P<0.05),E-Cadherin和ZO-1表达显著下调(P<0.05)。见图6。
研究发现,暴露于环境污染物,特别是具有内分泌干扰特性的污染物,已被证实会提高乳腺癌的发病风险。作为典型的环境内分泌干扰物,B[a]P能够与雌激素受体结合,诱导细胞色素P450酶系的表达,生成DNA反应性代谢物及氧自由基,从而引发基因突变并产生致癌效应[10]。已有研究显示,空气中累积的B[a]P长期暴露与乳腺癌风险升高以及肉瘤、肝脏和肺肿瘤发病率的增加显著相关[11]。BDE-47由于具有半衰期长、难以降解等物理特性,易在生态环境中蓄积,形成长期暴露趋势;体内外实验均证实,BDE-47不仅表现出神经毒性、肝毒性和免疫毒性,还具有内分泌干扰作用及潜在致癌性[12-13]。事实上,作为多环芳烃代表物质的B[a]P与作为多溴二苯醚之一的BDE-47,在环境中常以较高浓度共存。尽管关于BDE-47毒性作用的研究较为广泛,但关于B[a]P与BDE-47在致癌早期阶段联合暴露的研究报道较少。MCF-10A细胞源自人类纤维囊性乳腺组织,保留正常乳腺上皮细胞特性,能够代谢污染物并引发与致癌转化相关的细胞损伤,因此可用于评估化学物质诱导肿瘤转化的相关表征[14]。基于此,本研究采用MCF-10A细胞作为体外模型,评估B[a]P与BDE-47联合暴露对乳腺上皮细胞分子生物学行为的影响。
乳腺癌作为一类雌激素依赖性肿瘤,其与BDE-47的关联备受关注。目前关于BDE-47与乳腺癌关系的研究结论尚不一致。一项病例对照研究显示,乳腺癌患者血清中BDE-47浓度显著升高;然而另一项病例对照研究则未发现BDE-47暴露会显著增加乳腺癌风险[15-16]。值得注意的是,BDE-47在体内被证实可发挥部分雌激素样作用。有研究指出,尽管BDE-47、BDE-99和BDE-209等多溴二苯醚同系物单独暴露对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖无促进作用,但在与β-雌二醇共同暴露时,能够增强后者对细胞增殖的促进作用[17]。本研究结果显示,在使用1 μmol/L B[a]P联合10 μmol/L BDE-47处理MCF-10A细胞时,与单独B[a]P暴露相比,联合暴露使细胞增殖效应更为显著。该结果与Jing等[18]的研究结论不一致,后者认为B[a]P与BDE-47联合暴露对正常人肝细胞的生长和存活无影响。此种差异可能源于细胞类型的特异性:乳腺上皮细胞的恶性转化主要涉及雌激素受体信号的异常激活及细胞周期调控失常等因素;而肝细胞的癌变则可能更多与氧化应激、炎症反应等机制有关。由此可见,BDE-47在生物体内可能仅发挥部分雌激素样效应。
细胞增殖与细胞周期密切相关,破坏正常的细胞周期调控是环境内分泌干扰物诱发致癌效应的重要机制之一。研究表明,细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(cyclin dependent kinase,CDK)及其抑制蛋白在不同检查点参与细胞周期调控,其中CyclinD1可与CDK4和CDK6结合并激活其活性,调控细胞从G0/G1期向S期过渡,同时增强雌激素与其受体的结合能力[19]。本研究结果显示,B[a]P和BDE-47单独及联合暴露均导致MCF-10A细胞G0/G1期比例下降,S期和G2/M期比例显著上升,提示两者单独及联合暴露可改变细胞周期分布并促进细胞周期进程。周期蛋白检测结果进一步显示,B[a]P和BDE-47可显著上调CyclinD1和CDK4表达,并促进MCF-10A细胞增殖,该结果与Wang等[20]的研究一致。CyclinD1作为调控细胞从G1期进入S期的关键因子,在约50%~70%的乳腺癌中呈现高表达[21]。此外,CDK4在侵袭性乳腺癌中亦呈高表达,其表达水平与患者较差的总体生存率、无复发生存率及不良预后密切相关,提示该蛋白在乳腺癌发生与发展过程中发挥核心作用[22]。
本研究还发现,BDE-47暴露可促进MCF-10A细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,与黄裔腾等[9]在BDE-47处理乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中观察到的迁移与侵袭能力增强结果一致。B[a]P与BDE-47联合暴露进一步显著增强了MCF-10A细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,且联合暴露效应更为显著。已有研究表明,长期低剂量慢性暴露于100 pmol/L 4-甲基亚硝胺基-1-3-吡啶基-1-丁酮与100 pmol/L B[a]P可诱导细胞癌变,伴随癌症干细胞样细胞群体增多和上皮-间质转化激活,该过程在癌前及恶性病变的发生与维持中具有重要作用,并为雌激素受体阴性乳腺上皮细胞的致癌转化提供了间充质干细胞样特性的实验依据[23]。普遍认为,肿瘤的侵袭和迁移与EMT密切相关,EMT是乳腺癌转移过程中的关键步骤[24-25]。本研究初步证实,BDE-47处理的MCF-10A细胞中N-Cadherin和Vimentin蛋白表达上升,E-Cadherin蛋白表达下降,提示BDE-47可诱导MCF-10A细胞发生EMT样改变,与黄裔腾等[9]在MCF-7细胞中的研究结果一致。钙粘蛋白作为细胞表面黏附分子,通过钙依赖性相互作用介导细胞间连接,其胞质端与β-catenin在膜下斑块结合[26]。β-catenin的酪氨酸磷酸化可导致其从E-cadherin复合物中解离,削弱细胞黏附并增强细胞的迁移与侵袭能力[27]。尽管本研究未检测磷酸化β-catenin的表达水平,但在B[a]P和BDE-47暴露的MCF-10A细胞中,E-Cadherin表达下降与细胞迁移和侵袭能力增强相关。已知Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在肿瘤恶性进展中参与调控细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭等多种生物学行为,并与EMT过程密切相关[28]。本研究同时检测了Wnt通路关键分子β-catenin的蛋白表达,发现其总蛋白水平显著上调,初步提示β-catenin信号通路可能参与B[a]P与BDE-47联合诱导的乳腺上皮细胞EMT样改变及其侵袭迁移过程。然而,本研究仍存在一定局限性:一方面,缺乏从上皮样形态向间质样形态转变的直接细胞形态学证据;另一方面,尚需通过荧光素酶报告基因实验进一步验证Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的活化及其下游靶基因的转录活性。
综上所述,B[a]P和BDE-47暴露促进乳腺上皮细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭,且联合暴露表现出更强的联合效应,可能通过Wnt/β-catenin信号通路诱导乳腺上皮细胞EMT过程发挥致瘤作用。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(81560526)
  • 广西自然科学基金资助(2023GXNSFAA026322; 2022GXNSFBA035659)
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2026年第53卷第1期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202507333
  • 接收时间:2025-07-23
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-23
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国家自然科学基金项目(81560526)
广西自然科学基金资助(2023GXNSFAA026322; 2022GXNSFBA035659)
作者信息
    1.广西环境暴露组学与全生命周期健康重点实验室,桂林医科大学,广西 桂林 541199
    2.桂林医科大学公共卫生学院,广西 桂林 541199
    3.桂林医科大学人文管理学院,广西 桂林 541199

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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