Article(id=1324078428646945505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735660800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793614497576, onlineDateStr=2026-11-02, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793614497576, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-11-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793614497576, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793614497576, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1324078333767594037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, year='2026', volume='53', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793614474956, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793614571752, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1324078739914621271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, issueId=1324078333767594037, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=135, endPage=141, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1324078428974101218, articleId=1324078428646945505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=EN, title=Perceived stress, psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and insomnia among medical staff: a structural equation modeling analysis, columnId=1228016572451718132, journalTitle=Modern Preventive Medicine, columnName=Health and Social Behavior, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the underlying mechanisms among mental health variables, including perceived stress, psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and insomnia, within the medical staff population.

Methods

Between November 1 and December 31,2023, a convenience sampling method was used to survey healthcare workers in Beijing via an electronic questionnaire. We used internationally validated scales to measure stress perception and psychological resilience. Hypothesized relationships between the variables were tested using a structural equation model (SEM) developed based on existing literature.

Results

A total of 2 014 valid questionnaires were collected from 83 medical and health institutions. The scores of the mental health scales were as follows: PSS 16.00 (10.00, 18.00), CD-RISC 63.00 (48.00, 77.00), PHQ-9 3.00 (0.00, 7.25), GAD-7 1.00 (0.00, 6.00), and ISI 5.00 (1.00, 9.00).Psychological resilience showed a potential mediating effect of 5.5%-9.3% on the associations between perceived stress and each psychological symptom. In addition, anxiety symptoms played a stronger mediating role in the pathways from perceived stress to depressive symptoms and insomnia symptoms, accounting for 55.0% and 79.4% of the total effects, respectively. The direct effect of perceived stress on anxiety symptoms was the most prominent (94.5%). The structural equation model demonstrated good overall fit (χ2/df=2.829, RMSEA=0.030), and the hypothesized interrelationships among the variables were supported by the data.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that psychological resilience and anxiety symptoms are key mediators in the impact of stress perception on mental health, suggesting that optimizing mental health management in healthcare professionals requires integrated strategies focusing on stressor control, early identification of anxiety, and resilience enhancement.

, authors=Hui LI1, 2, Yi-yang LIU3, Shan-shan LIU3, Ze-hao ZHUANG4, Yu-qing SONG3, Zhong-yao XIE5, Chao CHEN3, Shu-jun CHEN6, Hong-guang CHEN3, authorsList=Hui LI, Yi-yang LIU, Shan-shan LIU, Ze-hao ZHUANG, Yu-qing SONG, Zhong-yao XIE, Chao CHEN, Shu-jun CHEN, Hong-guang CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong-guang CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1324078430186255081, articleId=1324078428646945505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, language=CN, title=医务人员压力感知、心理弹性及抑郁、焦虑及失眠的结构方程模型, columnId=1228016572640461823, journalTitle=现代预防医学, columnName=健康与社会行为, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探索医务人员群体中心理健康变量(压力感知、心理弹性、抑郁症状、焦虑症状、失眠症状)间的内在关系机制。

方法

于2023年11月1日—12月31日,采用便利抽样法,通过电子问卷对北京市医疗卫生机构医务人员进行调查;使用国际通用量表评估压力感知和心理弹性,并基于文献构建结构方程模型验证变量关系。

结果

共收集83家医疗卫生机构有效问卷2 014份,心理健康量表评分为16.00(10.00,18.00)、康纳-戴维森韧性量表总分为63.00(48.00,77.00)、健康问卷得分为3.00(0.00,7.25)、中文版广泛性焦虑障碍7項量表得分为 1.00(0.00,6.00)、失眠严重指数得分为5.00(1.00,9.00)。心理弹性在压力感知与各心理症状之间存在潜在中介效应,范围为5.5%~9.3%;此外,焦虑症状在压力感知对抑郁症状和失眠症状的影响路径中发挥较强中介作用,分别为55.0%和79.4%;压力感知对焦虑症状的直接影响最显著(94.5%);模型整体拟合良好,χ2/v=2.829,RMSEA=0.030,变量间相互关系在数据中得到支持。

结论

本研究明确了心理弹性与焦虑症状在压力感知影响心理健康过程中的关键中介角色,提示应通过控制压力源、早期识别焦虑及提升心理弹性等综合措施,优化医务人员心理健康管理。

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李慧(1996—),女,博士在读,住院医师,研究方向:心理健康流行病学调查

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The effect of perceived stress on anxiety and depression in ICU nurses: the chain mediating role of mindfulness and psychological resilience[J]. Journal of Army Medical University, 2022, 44(7): 724-731., articleTitle=The effect of perceived stress on anxiety and depression in ICU nurses: the chain mediating role of mindfulness and psychological resilience, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1324078451199718229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=5, pageStart=1072, pageEnd=1081, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=20, authorNames=Chao E, Chen SJ, Hong YC, journalName=Health and Stress, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chao E, Chen SJ, Hong YC, et al. Influence of resilience on perceived stress and depression among Taiwanese army military personnel[J]. Health and Stress, 2023, 39(5): 1072-1081., articleTitle=Influence of resilience on perceived stress and depression among Taiwanese army military personnel, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1324078439812182845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, awardId=2021YFF1201104, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划子课题,跨队列研究计算模型与工作流研究(2021YFF1201104), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1324078439887680318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, awardId=2022-2G-4116, language=CN, fundingSource=北京市卫生健康委员会,首都卫生发展科研专项(2022-2G-4116), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1324078430656017130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1324078430668600043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, companyId=1324078430656017130, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University; 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注:箭头表示两个变量之间关系的方向,箭头上的值为标准化路径系数。

, figureFileSmall=wYzc24S0t0FYchT+UUKDUw==, figureFileBig=lE69ceBQyVdbH4m9+HnM1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078438839104307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Optimized structural equation model (SEM 2), figureFileSmall=Wr9jPIzyNMf5Hwp1iMi6HQ==, figureFileBig=z9/3+34R/DGvavjry0tR0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078438922990388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, language=CN, label=图3, caption=优化后的结构方程模型(SEM 2)

注:箭头表示两个变量之间关系的方向,箭头上的值为标准化路径系数。

, figureFileSmall=Wr9jPIzyNMf5Hwp1iMi6HQ==, figureFileBig=z9/3+34R/DGvavjry0tR0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1324078439036236597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Scale scores of medical staff

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量评分[M(P25,P75)]
PSS 总分16.00(10.00,18.00)
CD-RISC 总分63.00(48.00,77.00)
CD-RISC 坚韧性31.00(24.00,39.00)
CD-RISC 力量性22.00(16.00,27.00)
CD-RISC 乐观性10.00(7.00,12.00)
PHQ-93.00(0.00,7.25)
GAD-71.00(0.00,6.00)
ISI5.00(1.00,9.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078439103345462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

医务人员量表得分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量评分[M(P25,P75)]
PSS 总分16.00(10.00,18.00)
CD-RISC 总分63.00(48.00,77.00)
CD-RISC 坚韧性31.00(24.00,39.00)
CD-RISC 力量性22.00(16.00,27.00)
CD-RISC 乐观性10.00(7.00,12.00)
PHQ-93.00(0.00,7.25)
GAD-71.00(0.00,6.00)
ISI5.00(1.00,9.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1324078439170454327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of characteristics and scale scores of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and insomnia symptoms in medical staff [n(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目抑郁症状P值焦虑症状P值失眠症状P值
阴性(n=1 176)阳性(n=838)阴性(n=1 399)阳性(n=615)阴性(n=1 329)阳性(n=685)
性别0.6220.4290.756
男272(23.1)186(22.2)325(23.2)133(21.6)305(22.9)153(22.3)
女904(76.9)652(77.8)1 074(76.8)482(78.4)1 024(77.1)532(77.7)
年龄范围(岁)<0.001<0.0010.001
18~2476(6.5)31(3.7)89(6.4)18(2.9)85(6.4)22(3.2)
25~34533(45.3)326(38.9)631(45.1)228(37.1)589(44.3)270(39.4)
35~44400(34.0)347(41.4)473(33.8)274(44.6)472(35.5)275(40.1)
45~54148(12.6)121(14.4)183(13.1)86(14.0)165(12.4)104(15.2)
55及以上19(1.6)13(1.6)23(1.6)9(1.5)18(1.4)14(2.0)
教育背景0.003<0.0010.167
本科及以上845(71.9)652(77.8)1 008(72.1)489(79.5)975(73.4)522(76.2)
本科以下331(28.1)186(22.2)391(27.9)126(20.5)354(26.6)163(23.8)
月均收入(元)0.3200.1160.107
<10 000650(55.3)467(55.7)768(54.9)349(56.7)725(54.6)392(57.2)
10 000~20 000411(34.9)305(36.4)493(35.2)223(36.3)472(35.5)244(35.6)
>2 0000115(9.8)66(7.9)138(9.9)43(7.0)132(9.9)49(7.2)
婚姻状况0.1040.1540.019
未婚229(19.5)171(20.4)285(20.4)115(18.7)268(20.2)132(19.3)
已婚919(78.1)634(75.7)1 078(77.1)475(77.2)1 031(77.6)522(76.2)
离异或丧偶28(2.4)33(3.9)36(2.6)25(4.1)30(2.3)31(4.5)
职业0.5000.2450.473
医生335(28.5)264(31.5)400(28.6)199(32.4)396(29.8)203(29.6)
护士538(45.7)373(44.5)641(45.8)270(43.9)592(44.5)319(46.6)
医技180(15.3)122(14.6)209(14.9)93(15.1)198(14.9)104(15.2)
其他123(10.5)79(9.4)149(10.7)53(8.6)143(10.8)59(8.6)
职称<0.0010.0010.024
初级或未评定636(54.1)375(44.7)740(52.9)271(44.1)696(52.4)315(46.0)
中级436(37.1)379(45.2)538(38.5)277(45.0)516(38.8)299(43.6)
副高级或高级104(8.8)84(10.0)121(8.6)67(10.9)117(8.8)71(10.4)
工作年限(年)<0.001<0.001<0.001
≤4213(18.1)96(11.5)245(17.5)64(10.4)243(18.3)66(9.6)
5~9292(24.8)181(21.6)354(25.3)119(19.3)325(24.5)148(21.6)
10~14301(25.6)238(28.4)359(25.7)180(29.3)349(26.3)190(27.7)
≥15370(31.5)323(38.5)441(31.5)252(41.0)412(31.0)281(41.0)
吸烟史0.0790.1860.054
一直吸93(7.9)86(10.3)114(8.1)65(10.6)104(7.8)75(10.9)
既往吸烟,现已戒烟51(4.3)26(3.1)56(4.0)21(3.4)54(4.1)23(3.4)
从未吸烟1 032(87.8)726(86.6)1 229(87.8)529(86.0)1 171(88.1)587(85.7)
饮酒史<0.001<0.001<0.001
一直喝141(12.0)133(15.9)172(12.3)102(16.6)160(12.0)114(16.6)
既往饮酒,现已戒酒84(7.1)92(11.0)105(7.5)71(11.5)98(7.4)78(11.4)
从未饮酒951(80.9)613(73.2)1 122(80.2)442(71.9)1 071(80.6)493(72.0)
运动经历<0.001<0.001<0.001
无565(48.0)498(59.4)678(48.5)385(62.6)648(48.8)415(60.6)
有611(52.0)340(40.6)721(51.5)230(37.4)681(51.2)270(39.4)
PSS 总分16.00(7.00, 16.00)18.00(15.00, 20.00)<0.00116.00(8.00, 16.00)18.00(16.00, 20.00)<0.00116.00(8.00, 16.00)18.00(15.00, 20.00)<0.001
CD-RISC 总分71.00(57.00, 85.00)50.00(41.00, 64.25)<0.00170.00(55.00, 83.00)50.00(40.00, 59.00)<0.00170.00(54.00, 83.00)50.00(41.00, 64.00)<0.001
CD-RISC 坚韧性36.00(28.00, 44.00)26.00(19.00, 32.00)<0.00135.00(26.00, 42.00)25.00(19.00, 29.00)<0.00135.00(26.00, 43.00)26.00(19.00, 32.00)<0.001
CD-RISC 力量性24.00(20.00, 29.00)18.00(14.00, 22.00)<0.00124.00(19.00, 29.00)17.00(14.00, 21.00)<0.00124.00(19.00, 29.00)17.00(14.00, 22.00)<0.001
CD-RISC 乐观性11.00(8.00, 12.00)8.00(6.00, 10.00)<0.00111.00(8.00, 12.00)8.00(6.00, 10.00)<0.00111.00(8.00, 12.00)8.00(6.00, 10.00)<0.001
PHQ-90.00(0.00, 2.00)8.00(6.00, 11.00)<0.0011.00(0.00, 4.00)9.00(7.00, 12.00)<0.0011.00(0.00, 4.00)8.00(6.00, 11.00)<0.001
GAD-70.00(0.00, 1.00)6.50(4.00, 8.00)<0.0010.00(0.00, 2.00)7.00(6.00, 10.00)<0.0010.00(0.00, 2.00)7.00(3.00, 9.00)<0.001
ISI1.00(0.00, 4.00)9.00(7.00, 14.00)<0.0012.00(0.00, 6.00)11.00(8.00, 15.00)<0.0011.00(0.00, 4.00)11.00(9.00, 15.00)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078439296283448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

医务人员焦虑症状、抑郁症状、失眠症状人群特征及量表得分比较[n(%),M(P25,P75)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目抑郁症状P值焦虑症状P值失眠症状P值
阴性(n=1 176)阳性(n=838)阴性(n=1 399)阳性(n=615)阴性(n=1 329)阳性(n=685)
性别0.6220.4290.756
男272(23.1)186(22.2)325(23.2)133(21.6)305(22.9)153(22.3)
女904(76.9)652(77.8)1 074(76.8)482(78.4)1 024(77.1)532(77.7)
年龄范围(岁)<0.001<0.0010.001
18~2476(6.5)31(3.7)89(6.4)18(2.9)85(6.4)22(3.2)
25~34533(45.3)326(38.9)631(45.1)228(37.1)589(44.3)270(39.4)
35~44400(34.0)347(41.4)473(33.8)274(44.6)472(35.5)275(40.1)
45~54148(12.6)121(14.4)183(13.1)86(14.0)165(12.4)104(15.2)
55及以上19(1.6)13(1.6)23(1.6)9(1.5)18(1.4)14(2.0)
教育背景0.003<0.0010.167
本科及以上845(71.9)652(77.8)1 008(72.1)489(79.5)975(73.4)522(76.2)
本科以下331(28.1)186(22.2)391(27.9)126(20.5)354(26.6)163(23.8)
月均收入(元)0.3200.1160.107
<10 000650(55.3)467(55.7)768(54.9)349(56.7)725(54.6)392(57.2)
10 000~20 000411(34.9)305(36.4)493(35.2)223(36.3)472(35.5)244(35.6)
>2 0000115(9.8)66(7.9)138(9.9)43(7.0)132(9.9)49(7.2)
婚姻状况0.1040.1540.019
未婚229(19.5)171(20.4)285(20.4)115(18.7)268(20.2)132(19.3)
已婚919(78.1)634(75.7)1 078(77.1)475(77.2)1 031(77.6)522(76.2)
离异或丧偶28(2.4)33(3.9)36(2.6)25(4.1)30(2.3)31(4.5)
职业0.5000.2450.473
医生335(28.5)264(31.5)400(28.6)199(32.4)396(29.8)203(29.6)
护士538(45.7)373(44.5)641(45.8)270(43.9)592(44.5)319(46.6)
医技180(15.3)122(14.6)209(14.9)93(15.1)198(14.9)104(15.2)
其他123(10.5)79(9.4)149(10.7)53(8.6)143(10.8)59(8.6)
职称<0.0010.0010.024
初级或未评定636(54.1)375(44.7)740(52.9)271(44.1)696(52.4)315(46.0)
中级436(37.1)379(45.2)538(38.5)277(45.0)516(38.8)299(43.6)
副高级或高级104(8.8)84(10.0)121(8.6)67(10.9)117(8.8)71(10.4)
工作年限(年)<0.001<0.001<0.001
≤4213(18.1)96(11.5)245(17.5)64(10.4)243(18.3)66(9.6)
5~9292(24.8)181(21.6)354(25.3)119(19.3)325(24.5)148(21.6)
10~14301(25.6)238(28.4)359(25.7)180(29.3)349(26.3)190(27.7)
≥15370(31.5)323(38.5)441(31.5)252(41.0)412(31.0)281(41.0)
吸烟史0.0790.1860.054
一直吸93(7.9)86(10.3)114(8.1)65(10.6)104(7.8)75(10.9)
既往吸烟,现已戒烟51(4.3)26(3.1)56(4.0)21(3.4)54(4.1)23(3.4)
从未吸烟1 032(87.8)726(86.6)1 229(87.8)529(86.0)1 171(88.1)587(85.7)
饮酒史<0.001<0.001<0.001
一直喝141(12.0)133(15.9)172(12.3)102(16.6)160(12.0)114(16.6)
既往饮酒,现已戒酒84(7.1)92(11.0)105(7.5)71(11.5)98(7.4)78(11.4)
从未饮酒951(80.9)613(73.2)1 122(80.2)442(71.9)1 071(80.6)493(72.0)
运动经历<0.001<0.001<0.001
无565(48.0)498(59.4)678(48.5)385(62.6)648(48.8)415(60.6)
有611(52.0)340(40.6)721(51.5)230(37.4)681(51.2)270(39.4)
PSS 总分16.00(7.00, 16.00)18.00(15.00, 20.00)<0.00116.00(8.00, 16.00)18.00(16.00, 20.00)<0.00116.00(8.00, 16.00)18.00(15.00, 20.00)<0.001
CD-RISC 总分71.00(57.00, 85.00)50.00(41.00, 64.25)<0.00170.00(55.00, 83.00)50.00(40.00, 59.00)<0.00170.00(54.00, 83.00)50.00(41.00, 64.00)<0.001
CD-RISC 坚韧性36.00(28.00, 44.00)26.00(19.00, 32.00)<0.00135.00(26.00, 42.00)25.00(19.00, 29.00)<0.00135.00(26.00, 43.00)26.00(19.00, 32.00)<0.001
CD-RISC 力量性24.00(20.00, 29.00)18.00(14.00, 22.00)<0.00124.00(19.00, 29.00)17.00(14.00, 21.00)<0.00124.00(19.00, 29.00)17.00(14.00, 22.00)<0.001
CD-RISC 乐观性11.00(8.00, 12.00)8.00(6.00, 10.00)<0.00111.00(8.00, 12.00)8.00(6.00, 10.00)<0.00111.00(8.00, 12.00)8.00(6.00, 10.00)<0.001
PHQ-90.00(0.00, 2.00)8.00(6.00, 11.00)<0.0011.00(0.00, 4.00)9.00(7.00, 12.00)<0.0011.00(0.00, 4.00)8.00(6.00, 11.00)<0.001
GAD-70.00(0.00, 1.00)6.50(4.00, 8.00)<0.0010.00(0.00, 2.00)7.00(6.00, 10.00)<0.0010.00(0.00, 2.00)7.00(3.00, 9.00)<0.001
ISI1.00(0.00, 4.00)9.00(7.00, 14.00)<0.0012.00(0.00, 6.00)11.00(8.00, 15.00)<0.0011.00(0.00, 4.00)11.00(9.00, 15.00)<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1324078439384363833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of factors associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目抑郁症状焦虑症状失眠症状
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
工作年限(年)
≤41.062(0.474~2.379)0.8840.836(0.365~1.914)0.6720.316(0.154~0.649)0.002
5~91.238(0.650~2.359)0.5150.539(0.279~1.042)0.0660.540(0.308~0.947)0.032
10~141.220(0.723~2.060)0.4570.746(0.445~1.250)0.2660.654(0.423~1.012)0.057
≥15REF—REF—REF—
PSS 总分1.046(1.011~1.082)0.0111.127(1.084~1.172)<0.0011.021(0.991~1.051)0.171
CD-RISC 总分0.988(0.981~0.995)0.0010.998(0.990~1.006)0.6400.997(0.990~1.003)0.337
PHQ-9——1.580(1.487~1.680)<0.0011.400(1.330~1.475)<0.001
GAD-71.790(1.666~1.924)<0.001——1.149(1.087~1.214)<0.001
ISI1.293(1.241~1.346)<0.0011.119(1.077~1.163)<0.001——
), ArticleFig(id=1324078439476638522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

抑郁症状、焦虑症状和失眠症状相关因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目抑郁症状焦虑症状失眠症状
OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值OR值(95%CI)P值
工作年限(年)
≤41.062(0.474~2.379)0.8840.836(0.365~1.914)0.6720.316(0.154~0.649)0.002
5~91.238(0.650~2.359)0.5150.539(0.279~1.042)0.0660.540(0.308~0.947)0.032
10~141.220(0.723~2.060)0.4570.746(0.445~1.250)0.2660.654(0.423~1.012)0.057
≥15REF—REF—REF—
PSS 总分1.046(1.011~1.082)0.0111.127(1.084~1.172)<0.0011.021(0.991~1.051)0.171
CD-RISC 总分0.988(0.981~0.995)0.0010.998(0.990~1.006)0.6400.997(0.990~1.003)0.337
PHQ-9——1.580(1.487~1.680)<0.0011.400(1.330~1.475)<0.001
GAD-71.790(1.666~1.924)<0.001——1.149(1.087~1.214)<0.001
ISI1.293(1.241~1.346)<0.0011.119(1.077~1.163)<0.001——
), ArticleFig(id=1324078439594079035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of mediating variable effects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间接效应通路β效应占比(%)
压力感知→抑郁症状:
压力感知→心理弹性→抑郁症状0.0244.7
压力感知→心理弹性→焦虑症状→抑郁症状0.0163.2
压力感知→心理弹性→焦虑症状→失眠症状→抑郁症状0.0071.4
压力感知→焦虑症状→抑郁症状0.27955.0
压力感知→焦虑症状→失眠症状→抑郁症状0.11422.5
压力感知→失眠症状→抑郁症状0.0163.2
压力感知→焦虑症状:
压力感知→心理弹性→焦虑症状0.0295.5
压力感知→失眠症状:
压力感知→心理弹性→失眠症状0.0194.5
压力感知→心理弹性→焦虑症状→失眠症状0.0204.7
压力感知→焦虑症状→失眠症状0.33679.4
), ArticleFig(id=1324078439690548028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1227665162245664772, articleId=1324078428646945505, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中介变量效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
间接效应通路β效应占比(%)
压力感知→抑郁症状:
压力感知→心理弹性→抑郁症状0.0244.7
压力感知→心理弹性→焦虑症状→抑郁症状0.0163.2
压力感知→心理弹性→焦虑症状→失眠症状→抑郁症状0.0071.4
压力感知→焦虑症状→抑郁症状0.27955.0
压力感知→焦虑症状→失眠症状→抑郁症状0.11422.5
压力感知→失眠症状→抑郁症状0.0163.2
压力感知→焦虑症状:
压力感知→心理弹性→焦虑症状0.0295.5
压力感知→失眠症状:
压力感知→心理弹性→失眠症状0.0194.5
压力感知→心理弹性→焦虑症状→失眠症状0.0204.7
压力感知→焦虑症状→失眠症状0.33679.4
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医务人员压力感知、心理弹性及抑郁、焦虑及失眠的结构方程模型
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李慧 1, 2 , 刘译阳 3 , 刘姗姗 3 , 庄泽昊 4 , 宋煜青 3 , 谢忠尧 5 , 陈超 3 , 陈书君 6 , 陈红光 3
现代预防医学 | 健康与社会行为 2026,53(1): 135-141
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现代预防医学 |健康与社会行为 2026 , 53 (1) : 135 -141
医务人员压力感知、心理弹性及抑郁、焦虑及失眠的结构方程模型
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李慧(1996—),女,博士在读,住院医师,研究方向:心理健康流行病学调查

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李慧1, 2, 刘译阳3, 刘姗姗3, 庄泽昊4, 宋煜青3, 谢忠尧5, 陈超3, 陈书君6, 陈红光3
作者信息
  • 1.首都医科大学附属北京安定医院,国家精神疾病医学中心,国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心,精神疾病诊断与治疗北京市重点实验室,北京 100088
  • 2.上海交通大学医学院上海市精神卫生中心,上海 200030
  • 3.北京大学第六医院,北京大学精神卫生研究所,国家卫生健康委员会精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心(北京大学第六医院),北京 100083
  • 4.北京大学第三医院心内科、血管医学研究所, 血管稳态与重构全国重点实验室,国家卫生健康委心血管分子生物学与调节肽重点实验室,心血管受体研究北京市重点实验室
  • 5.首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院感染管理处/北京市结核病胸部肿瘤研究所
  • 6.南京医科大学康达学院附属南通第四人民医院
通讯作者:
陈红光,E-mail:
作者简介:

李慧(1996—),女,博士在读,住院医师,研究方向:心理健康流行病学调查

Perceived stress, psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and insomnia among medical staff: a structural equation modeling analysis
Hui LI1, 2, Yi-yang LIU3, Shan-shan LIU3, Ze-hao ZHUANG4, Yu-qing SONG3, Zhong-yao XIE5, Chao CHEN3, Shu-jun CHEN6, Hong-guang CHEN3
Affiliations
  • Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University; National Center for Mental Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing 100088, China
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501003
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目的

探索医务人员群体中心理健康变量(压力感知、心理弹性、抑郁症状、焦虑症状、失眠症状)间的内在关系机制。

方法

于2023年11月1日—12月31日,采用便利抽样法,通过电子问卷对北京市医疗卫生机构医务人员进行调查;使用国际通用量表评估压力感知和心理弹性,并基于文献构建结构方程模型验证变量关系。

结果

共收集83家医疗卫生机构有效问卷2 014份,心理健康量表评分为16.00(10.00,18.00)、康纳-戴维森韧性量表总分为63.00(48.00,77.00)、健康问卷得分为3.00(0.00,7.25)、中文版广泛性焦虑障碍7項量表得分为 1.00(0.00,6.00)、失眠严重指数得分为5.00(1.00,9.00)。心理弹性在压力感知与各心理症状之间存在潜在中介效应,范围为5.5%~9.3%;此外,焦虑症状在压力感知对抑郁症状和失眠症状的影响路径中发挥较强中介作用,分别为55.0%和79.4%;压力感知对焦虑症状的直接影响最显著(94.5%);模型整体拟合良好,χ2/v=2.829,RMSEA=0.030,变量间相互关系在数据中得到支持。

结论

本研究明确了心理弹性与焦虑症状在压力感知影响心理健康过程中的关键中介角色,提示应通过控制压力源、早期识别焦虑及提升心理弹性等综合措施,优化医务人员心理健康管理。

医护人员  /  压力感知  /  心理弹性  /  抑郁症状  /  焦虑症状
Objective

To explore the underlying mechanisms among mental health variables, including perceived stress, psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and insomnia, within the medical staff population.

Methods

Between November 1 and December 31,2023, a convenience sampling method was used to survey healthcare workers in Beijing via an electronic questionnaire. We used internationally validated scales to measure stress perception and psychological resilience. Hypothesized relationships between the variables were tested using a structural equation model (SEM) developed based on existing literature.

Results

A total of 2 014 valid questionnaires were collected from 83 medical and health institutions. The scores of the mental health scales were as follows: PSS 16.00 (10.00, 18.00), CD-RISC 63.00 (48.00, 77.00), PHQ-9 3.00 (0.00, 7.25), GAD-7 1.00 (0.00, 6.00), and ISI 5.00 (1.00, 9.00).Psychological resilience showed a potential mediating effect of 5.5%-9.3% on the associations between perceived stress and each psychological symptom. In addition, anxiety symptoms played a stronger mediating role in the pathways from perceived stress to depressive symptoms and insomnia symptoms, accounting for 55.0% and 79.4% of the total effects, respectively. The direct effect of perceived stress on anxiety symptoms was the most prominent (94.5%). The structural equation model demonstrated good overall fit (χ2/df=2.829, RMSEA=0.030), and the hypothesized interrelationships among the variables were supported by the data.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that psychological resilience and anxiety symptoms are key mediators in the impact of stress perception on mental health, suggesting that optimizing mental health management in healthcare professionals requires integrated strategies focusing on stressor control, early identification of anxiety, and resilience enhancement.

Medical staff  /  Perceived stress  /  Psychological resilience  /  Depressive symptoms  /  Anxiety symptoms
李慧, 刘译阳, 刘姗姗, 庄泽昊, 宋煜青, 谢忠尧, 陈超, 陈书君, 陈红光. 医务人员压力感知、心理弹性及抑郁、焦虑及失眠的结构方程模型. 现代预防医学, 2026 , 53 (1) : 135 -141 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501003
Hui LI, Yi-yang LIU, Shan-shan LIU, Ze-hao ZHUANG, Yu-qing SONG, Zhong-yao XIE, Chao CHEN, Shu-jun CHEN, Hong-guang CHEN. Perceived stress, psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and insomnia among medical staff: a structural equation modeling analysis[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2026 , 53 (1) : 135 -141 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501003
医务人员是抑郁、焦虑及失眠等心理问题的高危群体,其患病风险显著高于普通人群[1]。新冠疫情期间,巨大的工作压力与感染风险进一步加剧了其心理负担[2]。当前,尽管疫情防控已常态化,但医疗服务需求的集中释放导致工作量激增,医务人员群体依然可能面临巨大心理压力。
研究表明,长期未缓解的心理压力可加重或诱发精神心理问题[3],而良好的心理弹性则有助于缓解压力[4],从而降低相关风险[5]。然而,压力感知、心理弹性以及抑郁症状、焦虑症状和失眠症状等常见精神心理问题之间的相互作用机制尚不明确。因此,本研究旨在探讨上述变量间的相互作用机制,为制定针对性的心理干预策略提供实证依据。
基于现有研究提出假设:高心理弹性的医务人员面对压力时表现出更强适应能力和较低抑郁症状、焦虑症状、失眠症状发生率[6];压力感知与心理弹性呈负相关[4],心理弹性可以通过直接和间接调节压力感知对抑郁症状影响[5],焦虑症状和心理弹性可以中介医务人员压力感知和抑郁症状之间关联[7]。见图1。
具体假设如下:
假设1(H1):压力感知与心理弹性呈负相关。
假设2~4(H2~H4):压力感知分别与抑郁症状、焦虑症状及失眠症状呈正相关。
假设5~7(H5~H7):心理弹性分别与抑郁症状、焦虑症状及失眠症状呈负相关。
假设8~9(H8~H9):焦虑症状与抑郁症状及失眠症状呈正相关。
假设10(H10):失眠症状与抑郁症状呈正相关。
2023年11月1日—12月22日,通过北京大学临床大数据平台以电子问卷形式调查北京市医疗卫生机构中医务人员。研究聚焦于新型冠状病毒感染疫情后重点岗位医务人员的心理健康状况。本方案经北京大学第六医院医学伦理委员会的批准[审批号:(2022)伦审第(30)号]。
入组标准:(1)年龄18~65岁;(2)既往为北京市新型冠状病毒感染疫情重点岗位医护人员,参与预检分诊;发热门诊;对返京人员进行核酸采样;对密切接触者(包括同时进行环境采样)和入境旅客进行核酸采样;核酸检测的实验室工作;新型冠状病毒感染病例临床治疗;新型冠状病毒感染病例转运;在集中观察点工作;新型冠状病毒感染病例的流行病学调查;社区核酸采样;新型冠状病毒疫苗接种;与新型冠状病毒感染疫情防控相关其他任务。
排除标准:无法完成自我评估或有明确重性精神疾病史者。
问卷剔除标准:纳入研究的核心变量填写不完整的问卷。
本研究采用便利抽样法,通过二维码向北京市医疗和卫生机构中负责感染控制的人员发放在线问卷,由其转发至本单位一线医护人员。问卷涵盖社会人口学资料及国际通用精神心理症状评定量表。
性别、年龄、教育背景、月均收入、婚姻状况、职业、职称、工作年限、吸烟史、饮酒史和锻炼经历等信息。
使用健康问卷-9(patient health questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)筛查抑郁症状[8];中文版广泛性焦虑障碍7项量表(the generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale,GAD-7)筛查焦虑症状[9];失眠严重指数(insomnia severity index,ISI)筛查失眠症状[10];应激感受量表(perceived stress scale,PSS)评估感受的压力水平[11];康纳-戴维森韧性量表(Connor Davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)评估心理弹性[12]。
本研究采用便利抽样法,样本量估算基于既往研究中医护人员焦虑症状、抑郁症状及失眠症状的最低的检出率(10%),设定双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05,置信区间宽度为 0.03。采用NCSS_PASS软件中基于 Clopper-Pearson 精确概率法计算,得出最小样本量约为1 603 例。考虑20%无应答率,最终需调查研究对象1 924例。
本研究采用IBM SPSS Statistics 27(IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA)软件进行数据整理与统计分析。分类变量以人数和构成比描述;非正态分布定量变量以中位数和四分位距表示,并使用χ2检验分析症状特征分布差异。采用多变量logistic回归分析医务人员心理症状的影响因素。连续变量的偏度绝对值为0.299~1.599,峰度绝对值为0.140~2.568,符合近似正态分布标准(|偏度|<2,|峰度|<7),满足参数分析前提。采用Pearson相关性分析变量间的相互关系。进一步使用Amos 26软件构建结构方程模型(structural equation model,SEM),探讨心理变量间相互作用机制。为优化模型拟合度并确保核心路径的稳健性,在最终模型中移除作为协变量的人口学变量[13]。模型拟合效果采用以下指标进行评价:卡方统计量/自由度(CMIN/v)、比较拟合指数(comparative fit index,CFI)、调整拟合优度指数(adjusted goodness-of-fit index,AGFI)、拟合优度指数(goodness-of-fit index,GFI)、近似均方根误差(root mean square error of approximation,RMSEA)、规范拟合指数(normed fit index,NFI)和增量拟合指数(incemental ft index,IFI)。统计检验为双侧检验,检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共收集2 070份问卷,剔除56份数据不完整问卷,最终纳入2 014份进行分析,有效率为97.29%。调查对象以女性(77.3%)、25~44岁中青年(79.8%)、已婚(77.1%)、本科及以上学历(74.3%)为主;职业构成中护士占比最高,为45.2%,50.2%为初级或未评级职称,65.6%工作年限在15年以内。各心理健康量表评分见表1。
如表2所示,不同年龄范围、教育背景、职称、工作年限、饮酒史、运动经历之间抑郁症状和焦虑症状检出率存在统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄范围、婚姻状况、职称、工作年限、饮酒史、运动经历之间失眠症状检出率存在统计学意义(P<0.05);有无抑郁症状、有无焦虑症状、有无失眠症状参与者之间PSS得分、CD-RISC总分、PHQ-9得分、GAD-7得分、ISI得分之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且有心理健康问题参与者PSS、PHQ-9、GAD-7、ISI得分更高,CD-RISC总分更低。
表3展示了多变量logistic回归分析中具有统计学意义的变量。分析结果显示:与抑郁症状相关危险因素包括压力感知、焦虑症状和失眠症状,与抑郁症状相关保护因素包括心理弹性;与焦虑症状相关危险因素包括压力感知、抑郁症状和失眠症状;与失眠症状相关危险因素包括抑郁症状、焦虑症状,与失眠症状相关保护因素包括工作年限。
纳入上述多因素分析中有统计学意义的协变量,构建初始结构方程模型(SEM 1)见图2,模型适配度指标为:χ2/v=12.030,RMSEA=0.074,GFI=0.987,AGFI=0.943,NFI=0.990,CFI=0.991,IFI=0.991。鉴于SEM 1中χ2/v指标大于3,拟合效果欠佳,剔除协变量后重新拟合的模型见图3,新模型适配度指标为:χ2/v=2.829,RMSEA=0.030,GFI=0.998,AGFI=0.989,NFI=0.999,CFI=0.999,IFI=0.999。与SEM 1相比,优化后最终结构方程模型(SEM 2)拟合度更好。此外,SEM 1与优化后SEM 2的主要研究结果(即显著路径)没有差异。
在压力对抑郁症状影响路径中,总效应、直接效应和间接效应均显著,其中直接效应与间接效应分别占总效应9.1%和91.1%;如表4所示,在6条间接路径中,焦虑症状的中介作用最强,占55.0%,其次为焦虑症状和失眠症状,占22.5%,心理弹性单独中介占9.3%。在压力对焦虑症状影响路径中,总效应、直接效应和间接效应均显著,其中直接效应占总效应94.5%,心理弹性介导的间接效应占总效应5.5%。在压力对失眠症状影响路径中,总效应、直接效应和间接效应均显著,直接效应与间接效应分别占总效应11.3%和88.7%;在3条间接路径中,焦虑症状的中介作用占79.4%,心理弹性占9.2%。
本研究发现医务人员存在抑郁症状、焦虑症状及失眠症状,这与既往研究一致。一项涵盖72个荟萃分析的研究显示,疫情期间医务人员中抑郁症状、焦虑症状及失眠症状的阳性率分别为29.4%、31.8%及36.9%[14]。另有大样本研究也报道了类似的心理症状分布[15],其原因可能与疫情期间的一线工作有关[16],也可能与疫情常态化管理后医疗卫生服务恢复,积压的医疗需求集中释放,工作量激增带来新压力等因素有关。在此现实背景下,探索影响医务人员心理症状的关键变量及其作用机制,对于制定针对性干预措施具有重要指导意义。
本研究与既往结论一致,证实压力感知与抑郁症状、焦虑症状和失眠症状密切相关。高强度持续压力不仅会导致上述心理健康问题,也会损害认知功能、情绪调节及整体生活质量[17]。本研究发现,焦虑症状在压力感知对抑郁症状和失眠症状的影响路径中发挥最强中介作用。其机制可能在于:压力增加会引发应激激素升高,导致警觉、紧张及躯体反应,若持续存在则易发展为焦虑症状;进而可能引起神经递质失衡,诱发抑郁症状和失眠症状;同时,持续压力和焦虑症状会降低心理弹性,加剧无助与倦怠,进一步促成抑郁症状和失眠症状[18]。研究还发现,心理弹性在压力感知对常见精神心理问题影响路径中发挥中介作用,但效应占比偏低。这可能由于医务人员整体受教育程度较高,而受教育程度与心理弹性相关,因而压力对心理健康的直接效应被部分缓冲,中介效应相对减弱。此外,医护人员的普遍高学历可能导致心理弹性分布较为集中,变量在模型中的效应可能被低估。上述发现与部分研究相符,例如有横断面研究指出焦虑症状和心理弹性在压力感知对抑郁症状影响路径中呈链式中介效应[7,19]。但也有研究结论不同,例如一项针对志愿兵的研究发现压力感知和睡眠质量在心理弹性对抑郁症状影响路径中发挥中介作用[20]。这种差异可能与职业背景有关:志愿兵压力来源相对固定,可能导致心理弹性对压力感知的影响作用更强,而医务人员日常工作中常面临许多未知情况,加上工作量超负荷,可能导致压力感知对心理弹性影响更大。因此,在医务人员这一特殊群体中,压力感知、心理弹性及常见精神心理问题之间的相互关系存在一定特殊性,应通过综合措施积极改善其心理健康状况,尤其是减少潜在压力来源,焦虑症状的早期识别及干预及心理弹性的改善。
本研究的局限性包括:第一,样本源于北京,其医疗资源集中,医务人员压力特征可能与其他地区存在差异,限制了结果的普适性;第二,采用便利抽样的横断面研究设计,无法推断因果关系,外推需谨慎;第三,数据基于自我报告,可能存在社会期望与回忆偏差;第四,可能存在未测量的混杂因素,对结果造成影响。
尽管如此,本研究聚焦医务人员群体中心理健康变量的内在关系机制探索,明确了心理弹性在压力感知与各心理症状间的潜在中介效应,以及焦虑症状在压力感知影响抑郁症状、失眠症状中的关键中介路径,不仅深化了对相关作用机制的理解,也为制定针对性综合干预措施提供了实践依据。
  • 国家重点研发计划子课题,跨队列研究计算模型与工作流研究(2021YFF1201104)
  • 北京市卫生健康委员会,首都卫生发展科研专项(2022-2G-4116)
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2026年第53卷第1期
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doi: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202501003
  • 接收时间:2025-01-01
  • 首发时间:2026-11-02
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-01
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国家重点研发计划子课题,跨队列研究计算模型与工作流研究(2021YFF1201104)
北京市卫生健康委员会,首都卫生发展科研专项(2022-2G-4116)
作者信息
    1.首都医科大学附属北京安定医院,国家精神疾病医学中心,国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心,精神疾病诊断与治疗北京市重点实验室,北京 100088
    2.上海交通大学医学院上海市精神卫生中心,上海 200030
    3.北京大学第六医院,北京大学精神卫生研究所,国家卫生健康委员会精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心(北京大学第六医院),北京 100083
    4.北京大学第三医院心内科、血管医学研究所, 血管稳态与重构全国重点实验室,国家卫生健康委心血管分子生物学与调节肽重点实验室,心血管受体研究北京市重点实验室
    5.首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院感染管理处/北京市结核病胸部肿瘤研究所
    6.南京医科大学康达学院附属南通第四人民医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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